User:Scarabocchio/sandbox

|year

|style="min-width:200px;"|france

|style="min-width:200px;"|science(+tech)

|style="min-width:200px;"|religion & nation state

|style="min-width:200px;"|thought

|style="min-width:200px;"|plastic arts/ architecture

|style="min-width:200px;"|culture

|.

|

|1000

|.

|

|

|

|Romanesque (1000-13th c)

|

|1050

|.

|1088 Founding of the University of Bologna

|First Crusade (1096-99) vs the rest (Steven Runciman)

|

|

|

|

|1100

|.

|

|{{collapse|Scholasticism is a method of critical thought which dominated teaching by the academics ("scholastics," or "schoolmen"{{anchor|Schoolmen}}) of medieval universities in Europe from about 1100 to 1700, and a program of employing that method in articulating and defending dogma in an increasingly pluralistic context. / Some of the main figures of scholasticism include Anselm of Canterbury, Peter Abelard, Alexander of Hales, Albertus Magnus, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham, Bonaventure, and Thomas Aquinas. Aquinas's masterwork Summa Theologica (written 1265-1274), considered to be the pinnacle of scholastic, medieval, and Christian philosophy.|title=Scholasticism (1100-1700)}}

|

|Gothic (12th c-late 14th and 15th)

|

|1150

|.

|

|

|

|

|

|

|1200

|.

|

| Latin Empire of Constantinople (1204-61)
Cathars and Albigensian Crusade (1209-29)

|

|

|

|1250

|.

|

|

|

|

|{{collapse|Dolce stil novo founded by Guido Guinizelli (c. 1230–1276). Compared to its precursors, the poetry of the dolce stil novo is more refined with regular use of metaphors and symbolism, as well as subtle double meanings. Many literary critics have argued that introspection in Italian literary works was first introduced by the Stil Novo poets, and later developed by Petrarch. The importance of the dolce stil novo lies in the fact that apart from being the manifestation of the first true literary tradition in Italy, it ennobled the Tuscan vernacular.|title=Dolce stil novo ~1270}}

|

|1300

|.

|

| {{collapse|The prestige of the Papacy while it was in Rome, and its insistence on the use of Latin, held back the development of Italian vernaculars (according to Antoine de Rivarol in 1784)|title=Avignon Papacy (1309-76) and vernaculars}}

| style="background:#e8f0ff;" | {{collapse|Petrarch (1304-74) 'Father of Humanism'. 'I turned my inner eye upon myself' (Mount Ventoux, 1336). His "Letter to Posterity" (completed in 1371 or 1372) gives an autobiography and a synopsis of his philosophy in life - the first such autobiography in a thousand years (since Saint Augustine).|title=early/ pre/ proto Renaissance
Petrarch|bg=#e8f0ff}}

|

| De vulgari eloquentia (~1305); The Divine Comedy (~1308-20)

|1350

|.

| The Black Death (1347-53) kills 30-60% of European population

|{{collapse|John Wycliffe (1331-84), "the evening star of scholasticism and the Morning Star of the Reformation", his vernacular English Bible (1382) from the Vulgate|title=Vernacular: Wycliffe Bible (1382)}}

| style="background:#e8f0ff;" | (Early Renaissance paused by Black Death)
Manuel Chrysoloras arrives in Firenze 1397 to start first study of Greek in 500 years

|

|'''Vernacular: The Decameron 1353.
{{collapse|The Canterbury Tales 1380s. Geoffrey Chaucer (c1343-1400) helped legitimize the literary use of the Middle English vernacular at a time when the dominant literary languages in England were French and Latin.|title=Vernacular: Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales 1380s}}

|

|1400

|.

|

|

| style="background:#e8f0ff;" | {{collapse|The intellectual basis was humanism, derived from the rediscovery of classical Greek philosophy. As a cultural movement, it encompassed innovative flowering of Latin and vernacular literatures; the development of linear perspective and other techniques of rendering a more natural reality in painting; and gradual but widespread educational reform. In politics, the development of the customs and conventions of diplomacy, and in science an increased reliance on observation and inductive reasoning.|title=The

|1450

|.