User:TheTito/Rough1

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Density holes are bubble-shaped stellar phenomena found in the outer reaches of the Sun-facing side of Earth's magnetic field. The solar wind is a stream of charged particles ejected from the sun out into space. These ions then strike Earth's magnetic field. At the region where the solar wind and the magnetic field meet, there appear density holes. Inside these holes, which can range up to {{convert|1000|km|mi}} across, the temperature increases from about 100,000 °C to upwards of 10,000,000 °C. Along with the temperature change, the plasma's density drops one order of magnitude.

{{cite web |url=http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=39394 |title=Cluster and Double Star discover density holes in the solar wind |author=Masson, Arnaud |date=June 20, 2006 |work= |publisher=European Space Agency |accessdate=August 19, 2010}}

{{cite web |url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/07/19/null_point/ |title=Earth's writhing magnetic field could aid fusion research |author=Sherriff, Lucy |date=July 19, 2006 |work= |publisher=The Register |accessdate=August 19, 2010}}

On average, a given density hole will exist for only 16–30 seconds while they drift back towards Earth and then pop. The process that leads to the creation of a hole is unknown. However, when the solar wind strikes Earth's magnetic field, some of the solar wind's particles rebound and move back towards the Sun. Density holes are found only when these backstreaming particles are present. As particles enter the hole, they are shunted to one side and their motion is arrested.

{{cite journal

| last=Parks| first=G. K.

| last2=Lee | first2=E.| last3=Mozer | first3=F.| last4=Wilber | first4=M.| last5=Quémerais | first5=E.| last6=Lucek | first6=E.| last7=Dandouras | first7=I.| last8=Rème | first8=H.| last9=Bao | first9=J. B.| last10=Meziane | first10=K.| last11=Goldstein | first11=M. L.| last12=Escoubet | first12=P.

| title=Larmor radius size density holes discovered in the solar wind upstream of Earth’s bow shock

| journal=Physics of Plasmas

| year=2006 | volume=13 | issue=5

| doi=10.1063/1.2201056 |accessdate=August 19, 2010 }}

{{cite web |http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9386-giant-hot-bubbles-may-help-protect-earth.html |title=Giant hot bubbles may help protect Earth |author=McKee, Maggie |date=June 22, 2006 |work= |publisher=newscientist.com |accessdate=August 19, 2010}}