User:Toddy1/Sandbox 17
==Anglo-Egyptian force==
A total of 8,200 British{{citation|title=Omdurman 1898, battle story|first1=William|last1=Wright|page=46}} and 17,600 Egyptian and Sudanese troops fought at Omdurman.{{citation|title=Omdurman 1898, battle story|first1=William|last1=Wright|page=49}} British infantry were armed with 0.303" Lee-Metford magazine rifles, which used smokeless powder.{{citation|title=Omdurman 1898, battle story|first1=William|last1=Wright|page=53}} Egyptian and Sudanese infantry were armed with Martini-Henry breech-loading rifles, which used black powder.{{citation|title=Omdurman 1898, battle story|first1=William|last1=Wright|page=54}}
- 21st Lancers (Lt Col R.H. Martin){{citation|title=Omdurman 1898, battle story|first1=William|last1=Wright|page=37}}
- 32nd Field Battery Royal Artillery (6 Ordnance BL 15 pounder){{citation|title=Khartoum Campaign 1898, or the re-conquest of the Soudan|first1=Bennet|last1=Burleigh|edition=3|publisher =Chapman and Hall|date=1899|page=37}}{{citation|title=Omdurman 1898, battle story|first1=William|last1=Wright|pages=145–6}}
- 37th Howitzer Battery Royal Artillery (6 BL 5-inch howitzer and 2 RBL 40 pounder Armstrong gun)
- Infantry Division (Maj Gen Sir W.F. Gatacre){{citation|title=Omdurman 1898, battle story|first1=William|last1=Wright|pages=33–34}}
- 1st Brigade (Brigadier-General Andy G. Wauchope){{citation|title=Omdurman 1898, battle story|first1=William|last1=Wright|page=35}}
- 1st Battalion Warwickshire Regiment
- 1st Battalion Lincolnshire Regiment
- 1st Battalion Seaforth Highlanders
- 1st Battalion Cameron Highlanders
- 6 maxim guns
- detachment Royal Engineers
- 2nd Brigade (Brigadier-General Neville G. Lyttelton){{citation|title=Omdurman 1898, battle story|first1=William|last1=Wright|page=36}}
- 1st Battalion Grenadier Guards
- 1st Battalion Northumberland Fusiliers
- 2nd Battalion Lancashire Fusiliers
- 2nd Rifle Brigade
- 4 maxim guns
- detachment Royal Engineers
Egyptian Division (Maj Gen Archibald Hunter){{citation|title=Omdurman 1898, battle story|first1=William|last1=Wright|page=38}}
- Egyptian cavalry (Colonel Robert G. Broadwood)
- 9 squadrons cavalry
- 1st Egyptian Horse Artillery battery (6 6cm Krupp guns and 2 Maxim guns)
- 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th Egyptian Field Batteries (each 6 Maxim-Nordenfeldt 12{{1/2}} pr QF and 2 Maxim guns)
- part of Camel Corps (Colonel R.J. Tudway){{citation|title=Omdurman 1898, battle story|first1=William|last1=Wright|page=42}}
- 8 companies
- 1st Brigade (Col Hector A. MacDonald){{citation|title=Omdurman 1898, battle story|first1=William|last1=Wright|page=39}}
- 2nd Egyptian Battalion
- 9th Sudanese Battalion
- 10th Sudanese Battalion
- 11th Sudanese Battalion
- 2nd Brigade (Col John G. Maxwell){{citation|title=Omdurman 1898, battle story|first1=William|last1=Wright|page=40}}
- 8th Egyptian Battalion
- 12th Sudanese Battalion
- 13th Sudanese Battalion
- 14th Sudanese Battalion
- 3rd Brigade (Col D.F. Lewis){{citation|title=Omdurman 1898, battle story|first1=William|last1=Wright|page=41}}
- 3rd Egyptian Battalion
- 4th Egyptian Battalion
- 7th Egyptian Battalion
- 15th Egyptian Battalion
- 4th Brigade (Colonel J. Collinson)
- 1st Egyptian Battalion
- 5th Egyptian Battalion
- 17th Egyptian Battalion
- 18th Egyptian Battalion
- camel transport
Royal Navy (Commander C Keppel){{citation|title=Omdurman 1898, battle story|first1=William|last1=Wright|page=37}}
==Mahdist army==
There are various estimates of the size of the Mahdist army that fought at Obdurman.
- 40,350 men is a lowest credible figure, and does not include the 2,000 men of Shaykh al-Din's guard that were at Omdurman, but did not take part in the battle.{{citation|title=Omdurman 1898, battle story|first1=William|last1=Wright|pages=50–51}}
- 51,427 men was an estimate by Reginald Wingate based on Mahdist documents captured after the battle, which were out of date, and include Shaykh al-Din's guard.
The Mahdist army at Omdurman had about 15,000 rifles; the most common type was the Remington.{{citation|title=Omdurman 1898, battle story|first1=William|last1=Wright|page=56}} The barrels of many of these rifles had been shortened by the Mahdists, which made them less effective.
The basic tactical unit for the Mahdist army was the rub, which varied in size between a few hundred and a few thousand soldiers.
- Dark Green Flag (Uthman al-Din){{citation|title=Omdurman 1898, battle story|first1=William|last1=Wright|pages=146–7}}
- Khalifa's bodyguard
- Uthman al-Din's bodyguard
- 16 rubs
- 2,900 horse
- 12,900 rifles
- 1 'French' gun
- 1 mountain gun
- 1 Remington machine gun
- Black Flag (al-Rayya al-Zarqua) (Ya'qub)
- various tribal groups
- 1,600 horse
- 1,450 rifles
- 1 Krupp gun
- 1 Nordenfeld gun
- Green flag (al Rayya al-Khadra) (Khalifa Ali wad-Helu)
- 3 rubs
- 800 horse
- unknown number of firearms
- Emir Osman Digna
- 9 rubs
- 190 horse
- 350 rifles
- Red Flag (al-Rayya al-Hamra) (Khalifa al-Sharif)
- 81 men
- Emir Osman Azrak
- 81 men
Most Mahdist infantry carried a 10 ft long thrusting spear, three javelins, a long double-edged sword (made from metal recycled from railway tracks) and a small round shield with a conical boss.
The Mahdist army had the following artillery and machine guns:
Two of the three Mahdist river steamers mounted a mountain gun.
The Mahdists believed that the primary function of artillery was to bombard fortifications, and so made little use of it at Omdurman.{{citation|title=Omdurman 1898, battle story|first1=William|last1=Wright|page=57}}
a trial
A trial was undertaken in 1870 to compare the accuracy and rate of fire of turret-mounted heavy guns with those in a centre-battery ship. The target was a {{convert | 600 |ft |m}} long, {{convert |60|ft|m }} high rock off Vigo. The speed of the ships was {{convert|4 - 5| kn| mph kph}} ("some accounts say stationary"). Each ship fired for five minutes, with the guns starting "loaded and very carefully trained". The guns fired Palliser shells with battering charges at a range of about {{convert | 1,000 |yds|km}}. Three out of the Captain's four hits were achieved with the first salvo; firing this salvo caused the ship to roll heavily (±20°); smoke from firing made aiming difficult. Note that the Captain could be expected to capsize if inclined 21°.An inclining test at Portsmouth conducted on 29 July 1870 suggested that the Captain's extreme heel with safety in smooth water was 15°-16°; calculations completed by 23 August 1870 showed that her danger angle was 21°, as had been predicted by Lairds in January or February 1870.
{{citation|pages = 141–2 |last1 = Parkes |first1 = Oscar|title=British Battleships|date = 1966|edition=2}}
{{citation |title = Warrior to Dreadnought | last1= Brown |first1 = David K | publisher = Chatham Publishing | date = 1997 | isbn = 1861760221 | pages=48, 50–51 }} The Monarch and the Hercules also did better with their first salvo, were inconvenienced by the smoke of firing, and to a lesser extent were caused to roll by firing. On the Hercules the gunsights were on the guns, and this worked better than the turret roof gunsights used by the other ships.
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!| Ship !| Weapons firing !| Rounds fired !| Hits !|Rate of fire | ||
| valign=top | Hercules | 4 x 10 inch MLR
|align=right| 17 |align=right| 10 | align=right| 0.65 |
| valign=top | Monarch | 4 x 12 inch MLR
|align=right|12 |align=right| 5 | align=right| 0.40 |
| valign=top | Captain | 4 x 12 inch MLR
| align=right | 11 | align=right| 4 | align=right| 0.35 |
| valign=top
| colspan=5| Source: {{citation |title = Warrior to Dreadnought | last1= Brown |first1 = David K | publisher = Chatham Publishing | date = 1997 | isbn = 1861760221 | page=50 }} |
History
"Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs" was established on 16 March 1966 as a police police training school for the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union. In 1992, it was renamed the Dnipropetrovsk College of Militsiya of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. On 1 September 1997, it was converted into a Higher education institution, the Dnipropetrovsk Law Institute of the Ukrainian Ministry of Internal Affairs. The Legal Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine was created from the institute in 2001. It became the Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs in 2005. In 2016, the university was recognized as the best educational institution in the region in the field of jurisprudence.
- 1966-1992: Dnipropetrovsk Special Secondary School of Police, {{Langx|uk|Дніпропетровська Спеціальна Середня Школа Міліції}}.{{citation|title=Історія навчального закладу, ДДУВС|trans-title=History of the educational institution of Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs|url=http://dduvs.in.ua/zagalna-informatsiya/instoriya-navchalnogo-zakladu/|access-date=17 November 2017:work=University website}}
- 1992-1997: Dnipropetrovsk Police School, {{Langx|uk|Дніпропетровське Училище Міліції}}.
- 1997-2001: Dnipropetrovsk Institute of Legal Studies, Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, {{Langx|uk|Дніпропетровський Юридичний Інститут Мвс України}}.
- 2001-2005: Legal Academy of Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, {{Langx|uk|Юридична Академія Мвс України}}.
- Since 2005: Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs, {{Langx|uk|Дніпропетровській Державний Університет Внутрішніх Справ}}.
= Thangal =
{{Infobox religious biography
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| image = Vadakara Thangal wiki.jpg
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| religion = Islam
| denomination = Qadiriya order of Sufism
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| lineage = Mashhoor{{fact|date=May 2018}}
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| known_for = Spiritual Master,{{fact|date=May 2018}} Sufi Scholar,{{fact|date=May 2018}} Ayurveda Physician{{fact|date=May 2018}}
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| nationality = Indian
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| birth_name = Kunhikoya Thangal
| birth_date = {{birth date|1948|08|08|df=y}}
(A.H. 1367 Shawal 2)
| birth_place = Thazhengadi, Vadakara, Kozhikode
| death_date = {{death date and age|2017|06|10|1948|08|08|df=y}}
(A.H. 1438 Ramadan 15)
| death_place = Vadakara, Kerala, India
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| resting_place = Makham'ul Waseela, Karimpanapalam, Vadakara
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| mother = Aysha Atta Beevi
| father = Muhammed Mashhoor Mullakoya Thangal
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| period = 1987- 2017{{fact|date=May 2018}}
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| successor = Muhammed Mashhoor Fasalkoya Thangal{{fact|date=May 2018}}
Hamid Mashhoor AttaKoya Thangal{{fact|date=May 2018}}
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Abdullah Mashhoor Kunhikoya Thangal (Arabic : سيّد عبد الله مشهور كنجكّوي تنجض البريريّ القادري , Malayalam: സയ്യിദ് അബ്ദുള്ള മഷ്ഹൂർ കുഞ്ഞിക്കോയ തങ്ങൾ ) (1948-2017) was an Indian Sufi, and was known as Vadakara Thangal.
Early life
He was born to Muhammed Mashhoor Mullakoya Thangal Vadakara{{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/355978218/Mashhoor-Mullakoya-Thangal-and-Vadakara|title=Mashhoor Mullakoya Thangal and Vadakara|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}} and Aysha Atta Beevi on 8 August 1948 (Shawal 2nd, 1367) in his ancestral house called 'Aanantavida' at Vadakara.{{Citation needed|date= April 2018}}
After primary education, he completed his studies at Manarul Uloom Madrassa High School, the first educational institution at Vadakara.{{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/355975609/Sayyid-Mashhoor-Kunhikoya-Thangal-Vadakara|title=Book Chapter about Sheikh Thangal|last=Chapter published by|first=Baithul Ayshabi|date=2016|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/355988296/Magazine-Vdk-Kmcc|title=Magazine|last=KMCC|first=Vadakara|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}} He then took up medicine (Ayurveda) as a profession with his father and spiritual master Muhammed Mashhoor Mullakoya Thangal Vadakara.{{Citation needed|date= April 2018}}
He grew up by putting into practice what he learned from his father.{{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/356124347/Moulid-Mala-Baith|title=Mashhoor Moulid, Mashhoor Mala, Moulid Paribasha and Thawassul Baith|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}{{dead link|date=May 2018}} He received knowledge in medical profession under the guidance of his father and assisted him in it. He received government recognition and registration to manufacture medicine and practice as an ayurvedic physician. In addition to having in depth knowledge in widely popular medical texts, he had received knowledge of rare medical procedures and medicine handed down to generations from an ancient stream of Siddha Vaidya.{{fact|date=May 2018}}
Family
{{Unreferenced section|date= May 2018}}
The Mashhoor lineage started in Kerala through Sufi Scholar Abdurahman Mashhoor who came to Kerala in 1710 C.E from Yemen.{{fact|date=May 2018}}
He married Asma Muthubeevi from a family of Ponnani Vettom Pokkiriyakam.{{Cite book|title=Malabarile Makkah. T.V. Abdurahman Kutty.|last=About ponnani|first=Malabarile Makkah|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=}}
He was a descendant of Sufi scholar and spiritual master Cheruseethi Thangal (1669 - 1771).{{fact|date=May 2018}}
Thangal was the 37th grandson of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad.{{fact|date=May 2018}} Thangal who was a master of the Qadiriyya Sufi Order was the 25th generation in the lineage of Sufi masters from Sheikh Abdul-Qadir Gilani and 42nd from Muhammad.{{fact|date=May 2018}}
{{Sufism}}
In the spiritual world
{{Unreferenced section|date= May 2018}}
He was attracted to Sufi Tariqa and received disciple-hood from his father Sayyid.{{fact|date=May 2018}}
Following to his father's death, he became the spiritual master of Qadiriyya, Chisthiya (chisti), Tabaqathiya and Zuharawardiya paths of Tariqa. He has a lot of disciples {{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/355976221/Margadarshi|title=Margadarshi bublished by disciples|last=Mashhoor kunhikoya thangal|first=Margadarshi|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}both inside and outside Kerala.
He offered wisdom to people irrespective of national, religious and caste differences.{{fact|date=May 2018}}
Death
Sheikh Thangal died on 10 June 2017 (15th Ramadan 1438 A.H).{{Cite news|url=http://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/malayalam/bignewslive-epaper-bignewsl/pramukha%2Bsuphivaryan%2Bvadakara%2Bsayyidh%2Bmuhammadh%2Bmashhur%2Bkunyikkoya%2Bthangal%2Bantharichu-newsid-68780903&grqid=IRVg-BKS&hl=en-IN|title=Divine Grace Departed|last=Death News|first=|date=|work=|access-date=|archive-url=|archive-date=}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.bignewslive.com/vadakara-sayyid-muhammad-mashhoor-kunjikoya-passed-away/#.WYxbpPmGN6p|title=Vadakara Sheikh Mashhoor Thangal Departed|last=News|first=|date=|work=|access-date=|archive-url=|archive-date=}} He is buried at Makham'ul Waseela at Karimpanapalam, Vadakara in Kozhikode.{{Citation needed|date= May 2018}}
File:Makham'ul waseela.jpg of Abdullah Mashhoor Kunhikoya Thangal at Karimpanapalam, Vadakara|left]]
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!|Mashhoor ancestral genealogy of Abdullah Mashhoor Kunhikoya Thangal {{fact|date=May 2018}} | |
| valign=top | # Sayyid Abdullah Mashhoor Kunhikoya Thangal
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| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%" | |
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!|Mashhoor Qadiri Tariqa lineage of Abdullah Mashhoor Kunhikoya Thangal {{fact|date=May 2018}} | |
| valign=top | # Sheikh Sayyid Abdullah Mashhoor Kunhikoya Thangal Burairi-el-Qadiri
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