User:Xyl 54/Sandbox#RfC

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• SC 48
• SC 26
• Gladiolus
• Wolverine
• MacIntyre
• B-2
• B-7

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• 2 SG
• HX 90
• Gretton
• Gabbiano
• Atlantic WWI

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List of convoy battles

This is a list of the major convoy battles fought during World War II in the Battle of the Atlantic.

North Atlantic route.

There were over …. Convoys on this route during the campaign, of which … were attacked ( approximately 10%)

Of these … saw major losses to the Allies ( 10 or more ships sunk/lost)

While …. Saw significant loss to KM/Axis (2 or more U-boats destroyed)

In which ten or more/more than 10 ships were lost

.HX229 was the greatest loss by tonnage; if included with SC122 as a single battle the loss is 22 ships, the greatest loss of the campaign.

.

.

.

.

In which two or more/more than 2 U-boats were destroyed

Major convoy battles of other campaigns/routes.

Mid-Atlantic route

there were no/was one major major battles on this route/

"South Atlantic" route

North/South

SL 125

OG 71

HG 73

HG 76

SL 139/MKS

Arctic route

PQ 17

PQ 18

[[:Category:North Atlantic convoys of World War II

[[:Category:Battle of the Atlantic

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{{underconstruction}}

rv to previous title; see talk page

move to BritEng format; see talk page

Move

This page was moved recently; I’ve moved it back to the former title, which is a British English format. See discussion here on the subject

Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Military history#Convoy article names

Move

I've moved this page to a British English format, as per Tag below.

Tag

• SC 48

:External links

:References

:Category

:[[:Category:

• SC 26

:References

:[[:Category:

• Gladiolus

:Intro

:Western Approaches Escort Force.

:Rochester

:Douglas.

:Nasturtium,

:Celandine

:Newfoundland Local Escort Group

• Wolverine

:Commanding Officers

:The commanding officers of HMS Wolverine during World War Two are as follows:

:External links

:References

(I've used this for reference)

{{Uboat}}

Template

• Title : Atlantic Convoys of World War II

• Above : Battle of the Atlantic

• Lists : List of convoys , List of convoy codes, List of major convoy battles

• Commanders : Noble Horton Nelles King Bristol Murray

• Fleet/Escort Forces : Western Approaches Command, Coastal Command, Tenth Fleet, MOEF WLEF ELEF

• Escort Groups;Support Groups : EG 5, B-2, B-7, SG 2

• Convoy Battles/Engagements :
• HX:
• SC:
• OA/OB:
• ON/ONS:

• Technology : ASDIC HF/DF Depth charge Hedgehog Squid Leigh Light FIDO

• Tactics :Creeping attack, Barrage attack, Swamp/Monstrous, Buttercup (naval tactic), Raspberry, Artichoke, MajorHoople,

• Concepts : Anti-Submarine Warfare, Convoy System

Atlantic

• North Atlantic

• HX: HX 79]] HX 84]] HX 112]] HX 106]] HX 156]] HX 228]] HX 229]]

• SC: SC 7]] SC 26]] SC 42]] SC 48]] SC 94]] SC 104]] SC 107]] SC 118]] SC 121]] SC 122]] SC 130]] SC 143]]

• OA/OB: OB 293]]

• ON/ONS: ON 67]] ON 127]] ON 154]] ON 166]] ONS 5]] ONS 18/ON 202]] ONS 20/ON 206]] ON 207]]

• Mid Atlantic

• GU/UG : GUS 6]]

• South Atlantic, Mediterranean and Gibraltar

• HG : HG 76]]
• OG

• OS
• SL : SL 125]]

• KM
• MK

Arctic

• Dervish Convoy]]
• PQ : PQ 1]] PQ 2]] PQ 3]] PQ 4]] PQ 5]] PQ 6]] PQ 7]] …… ]] PQ 13]] PQ 16]] PQ 17]] PQ 18]]
• QP

• JW
• RA

Malta

• Operation: MB8 Collar (1940)
• Operation: Excess Substance Halberd (1941)
• Operation: Harpoon Vigorous Pedestal Stoneage (1942)

(I've put the comments on the talk page here)

• MacIntyre

:References

• HX 72

:References

:Category

• HX 90

:HX 90 was a North Atlantic convoy of the HX series which ran during the battle of the Atlantic in World War II.

:P/B

:Action

:Conclusion

:External links

:References

:[[:Category:

• Escort Group B-2

:From Mid-Ocean Escort Force

:Link to Sandbox 3

:To article B-2 Escort Group (Royal Navy)

• Escort Group B-7

:From Mid-Ocean Escort Force

:link to Sandbox 3

:To article B-7 Escort Group (Royal Navy)

• 2nd Support Group

:From Frederic John Walker

:link to Sandbox 3

:To article 2nd Support Group (Royal Navy)

• Gretton

:external links

:Refs

• Gabbiano

:The Gabbiano class were a group of 59 corvettes of the Regia Marina, built to a war-time design for anti-submarine and escort duties.

:Ships

:References

• Atlantic U boat campaign (WWI)

:Link to Sandbox 2

:Article at Atlantic U-boat Campaign (World War I)

p272

..."you took my ship by surprise, Captain" (the German captain) said sourly. "Otherwise..." His tone hinted at treachery, unfair tactics, a course of conduct outrageous to German honour: suitable only for Englishmen... And what the hell have you been doing all these months, thought Ericson, except taking people by surprise, stalking them, giving them no chance. But that idea would not have registered. Instead he smiled ironically and said: "It is war. I'm sorry if it is too hard for you."

"The Atlantic campaign was not an exercise in statistics but a story of waste on a numbing scale..."

;Proposed text

Spitsbergen was named by its discoverer Willem Barentsz in 1596, the name meaning “pointed mountains”

(from the German Spitz - "pointed", Bergen-"mountains"), the name being applied to both the main island and the island group as a whole.

The islands were known as "Greenland" in English during the 17th Century [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-Jg9AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=spitzbergen&hl=en&ei=HUk_TMWBK4qQjAfqs4GsBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEoQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q&f=false Haven, p45].

They were referred to as Spitzbergen in a translation of a text by Martens, in 1671, and this became the English name thereafter. (cite)

The Arctic explorer WM Conway, in 1906, was of the opinion this was incorrect "Spitsbergen is the only correct spelling; Spitzbergen is a relatively modern blunder. The name is Dutch, not German. The second S asserts and commemorates the nationality of the discoverer." – Sir Martin Conway, No Man’s Land, 1906. but though this had little effect on British practice

[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AWgAB3tJTyIC&q=spitzbergen&dq=spitzbergen&hl=en&ei=E0s_TKzWMNy4jAfIxY2SBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFQQ6AEwCDgo Nature 1896] (refers to Conway expedition to Spitzbergen)

[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ir-OAAAAMAAJ&q=spitzbergen&dq=spitzbergen&hl=en&ei=-Es_TI-uAqmN4gau5ZjYCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBThG British Foreign Office 1908]

However in 1920 the treaty determining the fate of the islands was entitled the "Spitsbergen Treaty", and the islands were referred to in the USA as "Spitsbergen" from that time.

Under Norwegian governance the islands were named "Svalbard" in 1925, the main island becoming "Spitsbergen", and by the end of the 20th century this usage had become general.

;References

{{reflist}}

;Suggestions

;Comments

Needs to be mentioned that Spitzbergen is a common alternative spelling in British English. Mjroots (talk) 04:46, 30 July 2010 (UTC)

Opinions differ on the effectiveness of the Q-ships. One source regards them as greatly over-rated, diverting skilled seamen from other duties without sinking enough U-boats to justify the strategy,

Another source (Ritchie) regards the 11 U-boats destroyed (some 8% of the total ) as a “very respectable total”

Suggest change from

"In her final battle the following morning, Bismarck was neutralised by a sustained bombardment from a British fleet, was scuttled by her crew, and sank with heavy loss of life. Most experts agree that the battle damage would have caused her to sink eventually."

To

"In her final battle the following morning, Bismarck was silenced by a sustained bombardment from a British fleet and left dead in the water

(ref [http://www.navweaps.com/index_tech/tech-016.htm

"If I hadn't done it the Germans would have found another excuse."

[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1532728/bio?ref_=nm_dyk_qt_sm#quotes Gavrilo Princip (Personal quote at IMDb)]

"The fundamental error of the German position is the assumption that submarines have peculiar rights by reason of their disabilities as commerce destroyers": Editorial, New York World ? May 1915*, quoted by Edwyn Gray (1972) The Killing Time: {{ISBN| 0 85422 070 4}}

*[context: after Gullflight sinking (1 May 15, 2 americans killed); followed Falaba sinking (28 Mar 15); 101 killed including one american]

• [http://www.regiamarina.net/ Regia Marina]
• [http://conlapelleappesaaunchiodo.blogspot.com/2013/12/indice.html blogspot, Lorenzo Columbo]
• [http://www.soviet-empire.com/ussr/viewforum.php?f=149 The Red Fleet]
• [http://www.combinedfleet.com/kaigun.htm Imperial Japanese Navy]

• Clay Blair : Hitler’s U-Boat War Vol I:The Hunters 1939-1942 (1996). {{ISBN|0-304-35260-8}} [SC48, SC26, Glad, Wolv, HX72, HX90,

• Clay Blair : Hitler's U-Boat War Vol II:The Hunted 1942-1945 (1998). {{ISBN|0-304-35261-6}} [Mac, Gret,

• Conway Conway's All the Worlds Fighting Ships 1922-1946 (1980). {{ISBN|0 85177 146 7}} [Gab,

• Bernard Edwards : Donitz and the Wolf Packs (1996). {{ISBN|0-304-35203-9}} [SC48, Glad, HX72,

• Peter Gretton Convoy Escort Commander (1956). ISBN (none) [Wolv, Gret,

• Arnold Hague : The Allied Convoy System 1939-1945 (2000). {{ISBN|1 55125 033 0}} (Canada) . {{ISBN|1 86176 147 3}} (UK) [SC48, SC26, Glad, HX72, HX90,

• Paul Kemp : U-Boats Destroyed ( 1997). {{ISBN|1 85409 515 3}} [Glad, Wolv, Mac, Gret,

• Axel Niestle : German U-Boat Losses during World War II (1998). {{ISBN|1 85367 352 8}} [Wolv,

• Donald Macintyre : U-Boat Killer (1956). ISBN (none) [Mac,

• Stephen Roskill : The War at Sea 1939-1945 Vol I (1954). ISBN (none) [SC48, SC26, Wolv, HX72, HX90,

• David White : Bitter Ocean (2006). {{ISBN|0 7553 1088 8}} [SC26, Mac, Gret,

• [http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/sc/index.html?sc.php?convoy=48!~scmain SC 48 at convoyweb]

• [http://www.uboat.net/ops/convoys/convoys.php?convoy=SC-48 SC 48 at uboatnet]

• [http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DD-09VW-Wolverine.htm HMS Wolverine at naval histories]
• [http://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/5441.html HMS Wolverine at uboatnet]
• [http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/hx/index.html?hx.php?convoy=90!~hxmain HX 90 at convoyweb]

• [http://www.uboat.net/ops/convoys/convoys.php?convoy=HX-90 HX 90 at uboatnet]

• [http://www.unithistories.com/officers/RN_officersG4.html Peter Gretton; biographical details at unithistories]

• [http://www.navweaps.com/index_tech/tech-016.htm Destruction of the Bismarck at navweaps]

• [[:Category:North Atlantic convoys of World War II |[List, SC48, SC26, HX90,

• [[:Category:Battle of the Atlantic [List, SC48, SC26,

• [[:Category:Naval battles involving Canada| [SC48, HX90