Uthman ibn Ibrahim

{{Infobox royalty

| name = Uthman ibn Ibrahim

| title = Ruler of Transoxiana

| image = Kara-Khanid ruler (sitting cross-legged on a throne), Afrasiab, circa 1200 CE.jpg

| image_size =

| alt =

| caption =Detail of a Kara-Khanid ruler, probably Uthman ibn Ibrahim,{{cite book |last1=Frantz |first1=Grenet |title=Splendeurs des oasis d'Ouzbékistan |date=2022 |publisher=Louvre Editions |location=Paris |isbn=978-8412527858 |page=222|quote="'Uthman ibn Brahim (...) très probablement commanditaire des peintures de Samarkand""}} sitting cross-legged on a throne in the complete reconstructed relief, Afrasiab, Samarkand, circa 1200 CE.{{cite book |last1=Karev |first1=Yury |title=Turko-Mongol rulers, cities and city life |date=2013 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |isbn=9789004257009 |pages=114–115|quote="The ceramics and monetary finds in the pavilion can be dated to no earlier than to the second half of the twelfth century, and more plausibly towards the end of that century. This is the only pavilion of those excavated that was decorated with paintings, which leave no doubt about the master of the place. (...) The whole artistic project was aimed at exalting the royal figure and the magnificence of his court. (...) the main scenes from the northern wall represents the ruler sitting cross-legged on a throne (see Figs 13, 14) (...) It was undoubtedly a private residence of the Qarakhanid ruler and his family and not a place for solemn receptions."}}{{cite book |last1=Frantz |first1=Grenet |title=Splendeurs des oasis d'Ouzbékistan |date=2022 |publisher=Louvre Editions |location=Paris |isbn=978-8412527858 |pages=221–222|quote="Peintures murales qui ornaient (...) la résidence privée des derniers souverains qarakhanides de Samarkande (fin du 12ième - début du 13ième siècle (...) le souverain assis, les jambes repliées sur le trône, tient une flèche, symbole du pouvoir (Fig.171)."}} It was possibly defaced in 1212 when the Khwarazm shah Muḥammad b. Tekish took over Samarkand.{{cite book |last1=Karev |first1=Yury |title=Turko-Mongol rulers, cities and city life |date=2013 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |isbn=9789004257009 |page=120|quote="We cannot exclude the possibility that this action was related to the dramatic events of the year 1212, when Samarqand was taken by the Khwarazmshah Muḥammad b. Tekish."}}

| succession =

| reign = 1204 – 1212

| predecessor = Ibrahim ibn Hussein

| successor =

| spouse =

| spouse-type =

| issue =

| full name =

| house =

| dynasty = Karakhanid dynasty

| father = Ibrahim ibn Hussein

| mother =

| birth_date =

| birth_place =

| death_date = 1212

| death_place = Transoxiana

| religion = Sunni Islam

}}

Uthman ibn Ibrahim was a Karakhanid ruler in Transoxiana from 1204 to 1212.{{sfn|Bosworth|1996|p=182}}

Biography

File: Ruins of Afrasiyab.jpg

Uthman was the son of the Karakhanid Ibrahim ibn Hussein (1178-1202/1203).Karev, Yury. "Qarakhanid wall paintings in the citadel of Samarqand: first report and preliminary observations." Muqarnas 22 (2005), p.80.

According to Karev, Uthman came to power in 1202/1203.

His residence was in Samarkand. According to Aufi, who knew him personally, Uthman was a highly educated person.Karev, Yury. "Qarakhanid wall paintings in the citadel of Samarqand: first report and preliminary observations." Muqarnas 22 (2005), p.81.

Uthman led a policy of maneuvering between the Qara Khitai and the Khwarezmshah Muhammad b. Tekish. He bore a high Turkic title (ulug sultan as-salatin).Davidovich, E. A. (1998), "The Karakhanids", in Asimov, M.S.; Bosworth, C.E. (eds.), History of Civilisations of Central Asia, vol. 4 part I, UNESCO Publishing, p. 134-135. However, Uthman soon went over to the side of the Qara Khitans. Later he entered into an alliance with Muhammad Khwarezmshah as a vassal of the latter. In 1209-10, coins were minted in the name of these rulers. After the recognition of the power of the Khwarezmshahs by Uthman, other Karakhanids who ruled in Ferghana followed his example. Uthman married the daughter of Khwarezmshah Muhammad b. Tekish and went to live in Khwarezm. He returned to Samarkand, accompanied by the Khwarezm military. Uthman was dissatisfied with the Khwarezmians and revolted in 1211.{{sfn|Baumer|2016|p=106}} In 1212 Muhammad b. Tekish invaded the Kara-Khanid Khanate, conquered Samarkand, and massacred the entire population.{{sfn|Baumer|2016|p=106}} Uthman was executed following Samarkand's downfall.{{sfn|Baumer|2016|p=106}}

References

{{reflist|2}}

Sources

  • {{cite book |title=The History of Central Asia: The Age of Islam and the Mongols |volume=3 |first=Christoph |last=Baumer |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 }}
  • {{cite book |title=The New Islamic Dynasties |first=C.E. |last=Bosworth |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1996 }}
  • Davidovich, E. A. (1998), "The Karakhanids", in Asimov, M.S.; Bosworth, C.E. (eds.), History of Civilisations of Central Asia, vol. 4 part I, UNESCO Publishing, p. 134-135.
  • Kochnev B.D. Numizmaticheskaya istoriya Karakhanidskogo kaganata (991—1209 gg.). Moskva «Sofiya», 2006.

Category:1212 deaths

Category:Year of birth unknown

Category:13th-century monarchs in Asia