Víctor Manuel Toledo
{{short description|Mexican politician}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{family name hatnote|Toledo|Manzur|lang=Spanish}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Víctor Manuel Toledo Manzur
|image = Andrew Wheeler and Victor Toledo Manzur at 2019 CEC.jpg
|caption = Víctor Toledo Manzur (far left) and Andrew Wheeler in 2019
|office = Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources
|president = Andrés Manuel López Obrador
|term_start = May 27, 2019
|term_end = September 2, 2020
|predecessor = Josefa González Blanco Ortíz Mena
|successor = María Luisa Albores González
|office2 =
|term_start2 =
|term_end2 =
|successor2 =
|office3 =
|appointer3 =
|term_start3 =
|term_end3 =
|predecessor3 =
|successor3 =
|birth_name =
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1945|10|18}}
|birth_place = Mexico City, Mexico
|death_date =
|death_place =
|party = National Regeneration Movement
|spouse =
|children =
|education = National Autonomous University of Mexico
| profession = Biologist, politician
}}
Víctor Manuel Toledo Manzur (born 1945) is a Mexican biologist who served as Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT) of Mexico from May 27, 2019 to September 2, 2020. This was his first public charge, although he had worked with President Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) since 2011.{{cite web |title=Quién es Víctor Manuel Toledo: el incómodo secretario de López Obrador que calificó de "incongruente" a la 4T |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2020/08/06/quien-es-victor-manuel-toledo-el-incomodo-secretario-de-lopez-obrador-que-califico-de-incongruente-a-la-4t/ |website=infobae |date=August 6, 2020 |accessdate=August 6, 2020 |language=es-ES}}
Education and professional career
Toledo Manzur has both a master's degree and a doctorate from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and has published 200 professional papers and 20 books. He is a researcher in Ecology at the UNAM and a visiting professor at the International University of Andalucía, Spain. In 2011 he founded the Red Temática del Consejo Nacional del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (Thematic Network of the National Council of the National Council of Science and Technology, Conayct). He has worked in nine different Mexican universities, the University of California, Berkeley; in addition to universities in Venezuela, Cuba, Spain, Ecuador, and Brazil.
Toledo was granted the Premio Nacional Medio Ambiente (1985), the Premio Mérito Ecológico from the governor of the State of Mexico (1989), and the Luis Elizondo Prize of the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (2000).{{cite web |title=¿Quién es Víctor Manuel Toledo, nuevo titular de Semarnat? |url=https://lasillarota.com/nacion/quien-es-victor-manuel-toledo-nuevo-titular-de-semarnat-semarnat-medio-ambiente/287236 |website=lasillarota. com |date=May 27, 2019 |accessdate=August 6, 2020 |language=es}} In 2001 he was one of ten people chosen by the Spanish magazine Medi Ambient {{in lang|ca}}, as references of contemporary environmental thought.
Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources
Víctor Manuel Toledo was appointed Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources on May 27, 2019, after the resignation of Josefa González Blanco Ortíz Mena on May 27, 2019. González Blanco Ortíz Mena resigned after a scandal wherein she caused a delay on a flight of Aeroméxico.{{cite web |title=Víctor Manuel Toledo, nuevo titular de Semarnat |url=https://aristeguinoticias.com/2705/mexico/victor-manuel-toledo-nuevo-titular-de-semarnat/ |website=Aristegui Noticias |accessdate=August 6, 2020 |language=es}}
Toledo Manzur came under fire in August 2020 when an audio of a March 2020 meeting wherein he criticized A
MLO and his government of the Fourth Transformation became public. He had earlier criticized the environmental impact of the Mayan Train, a major infrastructure and economic development project in the south of the country. He is said to have major differences with Víctor Villalobos, Secretary of Agriculture and Rural Development (SADER)in questions of agribusiness,{{cite web |title=Analizan renuncia tras audio de Toledo contra la 4T |url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/titular-de-semarnat-arremete-contra-4t |website=El Universal |accessdate=August 6, 2020 |language=es |date=August 6, 2020}} and with Alfonso Romo, AMLO's Chief of Staff, whom Toledo Manzur has accused of "blocking" environmental and alternative energy projects.{{cite web |last1=Forbes Staff |title=Alfonso Romo bloquea energías renovables y temas ambientales: Toledo |url=https://www.forbes.com.mx/politica-alfonso-romo-bloquea-energias-renovables-y-temas-ambientales-toledo/ |website=Forbes México |accessdate=August 6, 2020 |language=es-MX |date=August 5, 2020}}
Greenpeace Mexico expressed its support for Toledo Manzur,{{cite web |title=Titular de Semarnat no debe renunciar, que renuncien Nahle y Villalobos: Greenpeace |url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/titular-de-semarnat-no-debe-renunciar-que-renuncien-nahle-y-villalobos-greenpeace |website=El Universal |accessdate=August 7, 2020 |language=es |date=August 6, 2020}} while Javier Villareal Gámez of the Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM) called for his resignation.{{cite web |title=CTM. Impostergable, renuncia del secretario Toledo |url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/ctm-impostergable-renuncia-del-secretario-toledo |website=El Universal |accessdate=August 7, 2020 |language=es |date=August 6, 2020}} Despite calls for Toledo Manzur's resignation, AMLO on August 6 expressed his support.{{cite web |title=López Obrador evita pedir renuncia al titular de la Semarnat |url=https://www.informador.mx/mexico/Lopez-Obrador-evita-pedir-renuncia-al-titular-de-la-Semarnat-20200806-0057.html |website=El Informador :: Noticias de Jalisco, México, Deportes & Entretenimiento |date=June 8, 2020 |accessdate=August 7, 2020 |language=es-ES}}
Toledo resigned because of health reasons on September 2, 2020 and will return to his academic work. He was replaced by María Luisa Albores González, formerly Secretary of Welfare.{{cite web |title=Toledo deja Semarnat, y Albores la toma. En Bienestar, asciende Subsecretario. Es oficial: AMLO |url=https://www.msn.com/es-mx/noticias/mexico/toledo-deja-semarnat-y-albores-la-toma-en-bienestar-asciende-subsecretario-es-oficial-amlo/ar-BB18DDFN?ocid=msedgdhp |website=www.msn.com |publisher=Sin Embargo |accessdate=September 2, 2020 |language=es |date=2 Sep 2020}}
Political positions
Toledo is known for his pro-human rights, pro-ecology, and pro-consumer views and his opposition to big business. No sooner had he been sworn in at SEMARNAT than he took the side of Germán Martínez Cázares, Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) in his fight for workers' rights as opposed to the needs of the Secretariat of Finance and Public Credit (SCHP).{{cite web |title=Los 11 tuits que revelan qué piensa Víctor Manuel Toledo de la 4T y de AMLO |url=https://www.eldiariodechihuahua.mx/nacional/los-11-tuits-que-revelan-que-piensa-victor-manuel-toledo-de-la-4t-y-de-amlo-20190527-1520445 |website=El Diario de Chihuahua |accessdate=August 6, 2020 |language=es}} In December 2019 he pushed for a ban on Glyphosate-based herbicides. In June 2020 he came out in favor of nationalizing Mexico's lithium mines in Sonora, the largest in the world.{{cite web |last1=Aguirre |first1=Alberto |title=Las batallas de Toledo |url=https://www.eleconomista.com.mx/opinion/Las-batallas-de-Toledo-20200702-0142.html |website=El Economista |accessdate=August 6, 2020}} He is an ally of Undersecretary of Prevention and Health Promotion, Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez in his opposition to sugary drinks and junk food. He has been a critic of the Maya Train on both human rights{{cite web |title=Reconocen que consulta de Tren Maya no cumple con estándares internacionales |url=https://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/reconocen-que-consulta-de-tren-maya-no-cumple-con-estandares-internacionales/1389651 |website=Excélsior |accessdate=August 6, 2020 |language=es |date=June 22, 2020}} and environmental grounds,{{cite web |title=Semarnat sí ve riesgo ecológico por Tren Maya |url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/semarnat-si-ve-riesgo-ecologico-por-tren-maya |website=El Universal |accessdate=August 6, 2020 |language=es |date=August 2, 2020}} although he is not an outright opponent.{{cite web |last1=Lara |first1=Carlos |title=Semarnat demanda "alternativas nutridas" para Tren Maya y Transístmico |url=https://www.elsoldetoluca.com.mx/finanzas/semarnat-demanda-no-caer-en-negacionismo-alternativas-nutridas-riqueza-biocultural-tren-maya-y-transistmico-4822866.html |website=El Sol de Toluca |accessdate=August 6, 2020 |language=en}} He has supported the construction of the refinery in Dos Bocas, Veracruz sighting the need for energy independence. He supports the construction of the General Felipe Ángeles International Airport in Santa Lucía, State of Mexico.{{cite web |title=Víctor Toledo, la "eminencia" ambiental que dejó pasar Santa Lucía, Dos Bocas y Tren Maya |url=https://cuestione.com/detalle/mexico/victor-toledo-la-%E2%80%9Ceminencia%E2%80%9D-ambiental-que-dejo-pasar-santa-lucia-dos-bocas-y-tren-maya |website=cuestione.com |accessdate=August 6, 2020 |language=en}}
Victor Toledo's greatest controversy came after the release of a March 2020 audio recording in which he criticized AMLO's administration for a lack of direction. He criticized the Secretariat of Agriculture and Rural Development for its support of agribusiness, the Secretariat of the Interior for its support of construction of a brewery in an area susceptible to drought, and Alfonso Romo's general opposition to environmental concerns.{{cite web |title=4T, Alfonso Romo, Villalobos y Segob, los blancos de Toledo en polémico audio |url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/4t-alfonso-romo-villalobos-y-segob-los-blancos-de-toledo-en-polemico-audio |website=El Universal |accessdate=August 6, 2020 |language=es |date=August 5, 2020}}
AMLO announced his support for a ban on glyphosate-based herbicides on September 2, 2020, the same day that Toledo resigned from his position at SEMARNAT.{{cite web |title=AMLO alista decreto para prohibir glifosato; oficializa salida de Víctor Toledo |url=https://www.msn.com/es-mx/noticias/mexico/amlo-alista-decreto-para-prohibir-glifosato-oficializa-salida-de-v%C3%ADctor-toledo/ar-BB18DRsW?ocid=msedgdhp |website=www.msn.com |publisher=24 Horas |accessdate=September 2, 2020}} Toledo's opposition to the use of glyphosates appears to be the main reason he was pushed out of his post, and the government has had to provide protection since Toledo's home was attacked by pesticide advocates.{{cite web |last1=Cabrerra |first1=Angel |title=AMLO confirma ataque a exsecretario de Medio Ambiente |url=https://www.msn.com/es-mx/news/other/amlo-confirma-ataque-a-exsecretario-de-medio-ambiente/ar-BB18IbWP?ocid=msedgdhp |website=www.msn.com |publisher=24 Horas |accessdate=September 4, 2020}}
Personal life
Víctor Manuel Toledo Manzur was born in Mexico City on October 18, 1945.
Publications
Victor Toledo has written 12 books and 40 scientific articles.{{cite web |title=Víctor M. Toledo Manzur |url=http://www.ampcn.mx/convencion2014/semblanza-victor-toledo |website=www.ampcn.mx |accessdate=August 6, 2020}}
- La Ecologia del ejido: hacia una estrategia de eco-desarrollo en México. México, 1976{{cite book |last1=Toledo |first1=Victor Manuel |title=La Ecologia del ejido: hacia una estrategia de eco-desarrollo en México |date=1976 |location=Mexico City, Mexico |pages=46 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KZlaygAACAAJ&q=La+ecolog%C3%ADa+del+ejido |language=es}}
- Ecología y autosuficiencia alimentaria. México, 1985{{cite book |last1=Toledo |first1=Víctor Manuel |title=Ecología y autosuficiencia alimentaria: hacia una opción basada en la diversidad biológica, ecológica y cultural de México |date=2000 |publisher=Siglo XXI |location=Mexico City, Mexico |isbn=978-968-23-1739-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uHn17z3EsPMC&q=Ecolog%C3%ADa+y+autosuficiencia+alimentaria |language=es}}
- La Producción Rural en México: alternativas ecológicas. 1989{{cite web |title=Víctor Manuel Toledo – AMLO |url=https://lopezobrador.org.mx/dr-victor-manuel-toledo/ |publisher=Lopez Obrador org |accessdate=August 6, 2020 |language=es-ES}}
- México: diversidad de culturas. México, 1995
- La Paz en Chiapas: Ecología, luchas indígenas y modernidad alternativa. México, 2000{{cite book |last1=Toledo |first1=Víctor Manuel |title=La paz en Chiapas: ecología, luchas indígenas y modernidad alternativa |date=2000 |publisher=Ediciones Quinto Sol |isbn=978-970-673-007-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e_hCAAAAYAAJ&q=La+Paz+en+Chiapas:+Ecolog%C3%ADa,+luchas+ind%C3%ADgenas+y+modernidad+alternativa |language=es}}
- La Modernización Rural de México: un análisis socio-ecológico. 2002
- Ecología, espiritualidad y conocimiento: De la sociedad del riesgo a la sociedad sustentable. México. 2003{{cite book |last1=Toledo |first1=Víctor Manuel |title=Ecologia, espiritualidad y conocimiento, de la sociedad del riesgo a la sociedad sustenable |date=2003 |publisher=Universidad Iberoamericana |isbn=978-968-7913-24-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qX4SAQAAIAAJ&q=Ecolog%C3%ADa,+espiritualidad+y+conocimiento:+De+la+sociedad+del+riesgo+a+la+sociedad+sustentable |language=es}}
- Toledo, V.M. y N. Barrera-Bassols. 2008. La Memoria Biocultural. Icaria Editorial.
- El Planeta es Nuestro Cuerpo (Revista Etnobiología 9, 2011:78).
- González de Molina M. y V.M. Toledo. 2014. The Social Metabolism. Springer.
- Toledo, V.M. y B. Ortíz-Espejel. 2014. Regiones que Caminan hacia la Sustentabilidad. Universidad Iberoamericana y CONACyT.
- Ecocidio en México: La batalla final es por la vida. Mexico, 2015{{cite book |last1=Toledo |first1=Víctor M. |title=Ecocidio en México: La batalla final es por la vida |date=2015 |publisher=Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México |location=Mexico City, Mexico |isbn=978-607-31-3517-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5_eECgAAQBAJ |language=es}}
See also
{{Div col}}
{{End div col}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [https://www.gob.mx/semarnat SEMARNAT (official page) {{in lang|es}}]
- [https://scholar.google.com.mx/citations?user=L7BXtmEAAAAJ&hl=es Google Scholar (publications by V. M. Toledo)]
{{Andrés Manuel López Obrador Cabinet}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Toledo, Victor Manuel}}
Category:Secretaries of the environment of Mexico
Category:Morena (political party) politicians
Category:National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
Category:Academic staff of the National Autonomous University of Mexico