VEF

VEF was established in April 1919 as The Main Workshops of the Latvian Post and Telegraph Department ({{langx|lv|Pasta un telegrāfa virsvaldes galvenā darbnīca}} (PTVGD)), where, initially, the five mechanics were the only employees.{{Cite web |title=AS VEF - Akciju Sabiedrība "VEF" |url=https://asvef.lv/ |access-date=21 Jul 2022}} In 1924 the factory was moved for the first time, and in 1928 moved again to VEF's current location. The factory buildings were built in late 19th and early 20th century and span a city block. Before World War I the buildings were owned by 1887-established Russian-Baltic factory UNION, established by Heinrich Dettmann.{{Cite web |title=VEF – Latvijas lielākais uzņēmums — |url=http://www.russkije.lv/lv/lib/read/vef-the-largest-enterprise-in-latvia.html |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=www.russkije.lv}}{{Cite web |title=elektrisko iekārtu ražošana Latvijā |url=https://enciklopedija.lv/skirklis/26242 |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=enciklopedija.lv |language=en}} The company was renamed to VEF in 1932.

File:Factory 'Union' in Riga, 1908.jpg

In 1922 PTVGD started to manufacture phones. In 1924 it started producing crystal-detector radios. In 1928 it began producing automatic telephone exchanges. They bought the license from Mix & Genest to produce small volume (for 100, 200, 300 numbers) and large volume (1000, 2000 numbers) switchboards. Telephone exchange in Riga and Latvia's populated places were upgraded with equipment manufactured by PTVGD until 1940.{{Cite web |url=http://www.sakaru-pasaule.lv/main.php3?sub=view&RID=883 |first=Jāzeps |last=Ločmelis |language=lv |title=Pirms 75 gadiem |trans-title=75 years ago |access-date=June 23, 2010}} During the 1930s the monthly production of PTVGD included 500 phones and 400 exchanges.

By the 1930s the factory produced all electronics that had any market demand - communication devices, phones, light bulbs, cameras, irons, radios, flashlights, as well as photo paper, work-tables, and even airplanes.{{Cite web |url=http://www.gudrinieks.lv/referati/referats/latvija-20-gs-puslapis2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090328130632/http://www.gudrinieks.lv/referati/referats/latvija-20-gs-puslapis2.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 28, 2009 |access-date=June 24, 2010 |language=lv |title=Latvija 20.gs. |trans-title=Latvia in 20th century }} They also repaired cars.

In 1930, the enterprise acquired the plywood factory "Latvijas Bērzs," enabling the production of high-quality radio receiver casings and, starting in 1935, aircraft construction. VEF began manufacturing automatic telephone exchanges. It purchased a license from the German company Mix & Genest for producing small-capacity exchanges (100, 200, 300 numbers) and large-capacity exchanges (1000, 2000 numbers). By 1940, most telephone exchanges in Riga and other Latvian towns were produced by VEF.

VEF entered the world market in 1936 with the development of the Minox subminiature camera, designed by Walter Zapp ({{langx|lv|Valters Caps}}). It was the world's smallest camera at the time.

Between 1928 and 1933 VEF also produced a small, inexpensive car.{{Cite web |title=VEF (Latvia) |url=https://www.allcarindex.com/production/production/latvia/vef/ |access-date=2024-01-08 |website=ACI |language=en}}

VEF radio receivers became the factory’s flagship product. At international exhibitions in Brussels (1935) and Paris (1937), VEF-branded devices won Grand Prix awards. The factory produced so many radio receivers that the local market could not absorb them, leading to exports to other countries. Starting in 1935, VEF opened trade offices in Tallinn, Kaunas, Helsinki, Oslo, Zurich, and London. Before World War II, VEF exported 8,000 radio receivers annually.

During World War II the factory was looted and several buildings were destroyed by explosions. The factory was repaired after the war and it quickly recovered. During the 1960s VEF produced seven radio receivers and five phones every minute and two out of three phones in Soviet Union were produced by VEF. It also manufactured highly demanded transistor-based radios "Spīdola" and in the 1970s — "VEF".

During the Soviet period, VEF specialized in electronics and was a part of Latvia's electronic industry, which supplied the former Soviet Union with telecommunications equipment and electronics for the military. The five largest state companies were VEF, Radiotehnika, Elfa, Komutators and Elar (which produced components for the other four). In its peak in 1991, VEF employed 20,000 people. Its best known products were telephones, telephone exchanges and radios.

File:VEF Zevs.jpg statue on the front façade of the main building. Sculptor August Volz{{Cite web |title=Restaurētā VEF fasāde atgūst sākotnējo spozmi – RESTAURĀCIJA {{!}} AS "Būvuzņēmums Restaurators" |date=8 May 2016 |url=http://www.restaurators.lv/lv/2016/05/08/restaureta-vef-fasade-atgust-savu-sakotnejo-spozmi/ |access-date=2022-12-11 |language=en-GB}}]]

The Latvian electronics industry had trouble competing with Western companies when the markets were opened in the early 1990s. Cited problems included poor service and product quality. Attempts to restructure these companies were not successful and their combined production fell more than 90% between 1993 and 1997. VEF was divided into six smaller companies, most of which no longer exist. Three remaining ones, VEF un Ko, VEF TELEKOM and VEF Radiotehnika RRR, employ between 100 and 200 people each.

File:Valsts Elektrotehniska Fabrika.JPG

In 1999 the factory was privatized and reorganized. VEF un Ko, which still is active, has recently focused its attention on designing and building UAVs for agricultural use.{{Cite web |title=Products - VEF UN KO |url=https://www.vef.lv/en/Products |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=www.vef.lv}}

The large assembly hall and administrative building, built in 1899 and designed by architect Heinrich Scheel (1829–1909), have eclectic facades facing Brīvības iela. The decorative facade of the assembly hall features a statue of Zeus with lightning bolts in hand. In 1912, a production building with a high tower in the courtyard, designed by German architect Peter Behrens (1868–1940), was constructed under the supervision of Riga civil engineer Friedrich Wilhelm Seuberlich (1850-?). In 1914, another production building was built according to Behrens' design, located at the corner of Brīvības iela and Bērzaunes iela, under the supervision of architect Friedrich Scheffel (1865–1915). The upper floor, which was supposed to be incorporated into the high roof as per the project, remained unrealized.{{Cite web |title=Rīga, Valsts elektrotehniskā fabrika "VEF" {{!}} Dehio OME |url=https://ome.dehio.org/lv/celtne/riga-valsts-elektrotehniska-fabrika-vef |access-date=2023-05-04 |website=ome.dehio.org |date=November 2022 |language=lv}}

In 2017, the 1899 building was renovated by Latvian network hardware manufacturer MikroTik which established its headquarters there.{{Cite web |title=Darbs MikroTik |trans-title=Work in MikroTik |url=https://darbs.mikrotik.com/birojs/ |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=darbs.mikrotik.com |language=lv}} The adjacent building, built in 1900, is also renovated and most notably used by Accenture Latvia since the 2000s.

Minox Riga stainless steel cased.JPG|Minox subminiature camera

VEF Spīdola (ВЭФ Спидола).JPG|Spīdola, the first Soviet portable shortwave radio receiver

VEF-MIKRO 1024 personal computer.JPEG|VEF-MIKRO 1024 personal computer

VEF-MIKRO 6025 Keyboard Latvia Computer.jpg|VEF-MIKRO 6025 computer keyboard

VEF-MIKRO 5325 Disk Unit Latvia Computer.jpg|5.25" floppy disk Reader Mikro 5625

VEF-MIKRO 1025 Computer Latvia.jpg|VEF-MIKRO 1025 personal computer

VEF IRBITIS I-12 2.jpg|VEF I-12 airplane

File:Diplome de Grand Prix. Paris 1937. VEF.jpg received by VEF]]

• Minox

• Spīdola
• Vega VEF
• VEF Latvia
• VEF Abava

• VEF-TA

The VEF-TA had many different versions that ranged from classic style rotary phones to modern push button keypad.

• VEF ORMIKA
• VEF-1022
• VEF-MIKRO 1024
• VEF-MIKRO 1025

• Mikro 6025 computer keyboard
• Mikro 5625 – 5.25" floppy disk reader

• VEF Irbītis I-11
• VEF Irbītis I-12
• VEF Irbītis I-14
• VEF Irbītis I-15
• VEF Irbītis I-16
• VEF Irbītis I-17
• VEF Irbītis I-18
• VEF Irbītis I-19
• VEF JDA-10M

• Pandera (prototype, built 1938){{Cite web|last=LETA|date=2009-09-16|title=Latvijā reģistrēts vienīgais VEF rūpnīcā izgatavotais motocikls|trans-title=The only motorcycle ever made by the VEF factory has been registered in Latvia|url=https://www.delfi.lv/auto/zinas/latvija-registrets-vienigais-vef-rupnica-izgatavotais-motocikls.d?id=26871989|access-date=2022-01-18|website=delfi.lv|language=lv}}

• Minox
• FC Daugava Riga

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category}}

• {{Official website|https://www.vef.lv/en/|name=Official website (of VEF un Ko)}}
• [http://www.submin.com/8x11/collection/minox/cameras/riga.htm VEF-Minox cameras]
• [http://minoxriga.atwebpages.com VEF camera serial numbers]
• [http://www.oldradio.lv/ptvgd.html History of VEF] {{in lang|ru}}
• [http://www.historic-gallery.com/index.php?route=extension/d_blog_module/post&post_id=169 Catalogue of VEF factory products with prices, pictures and descriptions, year 1937] {{in lang|en}}

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Category:Manufacturing companies based in Riga

Category:Electronics companies of Latvia

Category:Aircraft manufacturers of Latvia

Category:Car manufacturers of Latvia

Category:Electronics companies of the Soviet Union

Category:Photography in Latvia

Category:Electronics companies established in 1919

Category:Electronics companies disestablished in 1999

Category:Soviet brands

Category:Latvian brands

Category:Companies nationalised by the Soviet Union

Category:1919 establishments in Latvia

Category:1999 disestablishments in Latvia