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Va language

{{Short description|Angkuic language pair spoken in China}}

{{for|the Waic language|Wa language}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Va

|nativename=

|region=Mojiang County, China

|speakers=3,000

|date=2015

|ref={{harvp|Hsiu|2015}}

|familycolor=Austro-Asiatic

|fam2=Khasi–Palaungic

|fam3=Palaungic

|fam4=Angkuic

|iso3=none

|glotto=east2776

|glottorefname=Eastern Angkuic

}}

Va is a pair of Angkuic languages spoken in Mojiang Hani Autonomous County, Yunnan, China. Although the Va autonym is {{IPA|vaʔ51}}, the language is not Wa, and neither does it belong to the Waic language subgroup. Rather, Va constitutes a separate subdivision within the Angkuic languages.

  • Northern Va (about 2,000 speakers): spoken in Taihe Administrative Village 太和村, Jingxing Township 景星乡, Mojiang County, Yunnan, China. Northern Va is spoken by all generations, including children.
  • Southern Va (about 1,000 speakers): spoken in Zhenglong Administrative Village 正龙村, Jingxing Township 景星乡, Mojiang County, Yunnan, China. Southern Va is more endangered and is not spoken by children, but is also more phonologically conservative.

Distribution

Northern Va is spoken in about eight villages of Taihe Village 太和村, Jingxing Township 景星乡, Mojiang County, Yunnan.

  • Wamo 挖墨{{Cite web |title=Mòjiāng Hānízú Zìzhìxiàn Jǐngxīng Xiāng Tàihé Cūnwěihuì Wāmò Zìráncūn |script-title=zh:墨江哈尼族自治县景星乡太和村委会挖墨自然村 |trans-title=Wamo Natural Village, Taihe Village Committee, Jingxing Township, Mojiang Hani Autonomous County |url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=178656 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520073421/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=178656 |archive-date=2020-05-20 |access-date=2018-12-30 |website=ynszxc.net |language=zh}} (currently with vigorous language use{{cite journal | first=Shihai | last=Guo | first2=Yongqiu | last2=Li | title=云南挖么布朗语完好保存的原因及可持续保护探析 Good Preservation Reasons and Sustainable Development Suggestions for the Blang Language in Wamo Village, Yun Province | journal=Journal of Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering | issue=2 | pages=78–81 | url=http://open.oriprobe.com/articles/61199592/Good_Preservation_Reasons_and_Sustainable_Developm.htm | language=zh | access-date=2023-03-21}})
  • Xinzhai 新寨 (Upper 上 and Lower 下)
  • Jiuzhai 旧寨
  • Dazhai 大寨 (Upper 上 and Lower 下)
  • Xiaozhai 小寨 (Upper 上 and Lower 下)

Southern Va is spoken in the following villages of Zhenglong Village 正龙村, Jingxing Township 景星乡, Mojiang County, Yunnan.

  • Pingtian 平田{{Cite web |title=Mòjiāng Hānízú Zìzhìxiàn Tuántián Xiāng Chàhé Cūn Píngtián |script-title=zh:墨江哈尼族自治县团田乡岔河村平田 |trans-title=Pingtian, Chahe Village, Tuantian Township, Mojiang Hani Autonomous County |url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=171501 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517220219/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=171501 |archive-date=2020-05-17 |access-date=2018-12-30 |website=ynszxc.net |language=zh}}
  • Banglao 蚌老{{Cite web |title=Mòjiāng Hānízú Zìzhìxiàn Jǐngxīng Xiāng Zhènglóng Cūnwěihuì Bànglǎo Zìráncūn |script-title=zh:墨江哈尼族自治县景星乡正龙村委会蚌老自然村 |trans-title=Benglao Natural Village, Zhenglong Village Committee, Jingxing Township, Mojiang Hani Autonomous County |url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=178703 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518082753/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=178703 |archive-date=2020-05-18 |access-date=2018-12-30 |website=ynszxc.net |language=zh}} (culture and language best preserved)
  • Miena 乜那{{Cite web |title=Mòjiāng Hānízú Zìzhìxiàn Jǐngxīng Xiāng Zhènglóng Cūnwěihuì Miēnà Zìráncūn |script-title=zh:墨江哈尼族自治县景星乡正龙村委会乜那自然村 |trans-title=Miena Natural Village, Zhenglong Village Committee, Jingxing Township, Mojiang Hani Autonomous County |url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=178704 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516212520/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=178704 |archive-date=2020-05-16 |access-date=2018-12-30 |website=ynszxc.net |language=zh}}
  • Binggu 丙故{{Cite web |title=Mòjiāng Hānízú Zìzhìxiàn Jǐngxīng Xiāng Zhènglóng Cūnwěihuì Bǐnggù Zìráncūn |script-title=zh:墨江哈尼族自治县景星乡正龙村委会丙故自然村 |trans-title=Binggu Natural Village, Zhenglong Village Committee, Jingxing Township, Mojiang Hani Autonomous County |url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=178706 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519231314/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=178706 |archive-date=2020-05-19 |access-date=2018-12-30 |website=ynszxc.net |language=zh}}
  • Yin’gou 阴沟
  • Yakou 丫口{{Cite web |title=Mòjiāng Hānízú Zìzhìxiàn Jǐngxīng Xiāng Tàihé Cūnwěihuì Yākǒu Zìráncūn |script-title=zh:墨江哈尼族自治县景星乡太和村委会丫口自然村 |trans-title=Yakou Natural Village, Taihe Village Committee, Jingxing Township, Mojiang Hani Autonomous County |url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=178659 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518082756/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=178659 |archive-date=2020-05-18 |access-date=2018-12-30 |website=ynszxc.net |language=zh}} (culture and language least preserved)

References

{{Reflist}}

  • {{Cite conference |last=Hsiu |first=Andrew |date=2015 |title=The Angkuic Languages: A Preliminary Survey |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1127808 |conference=Paper presented ICAAL 6 (6th International Conference on Austroasiatic Linguistics), Siem Reap, Cambodia |language=en |doi=10.5281/zenodo.1127808 |doi-access=free}}
  • {{Cite web |last=Hsiu |first=Andrew |date=2017a |title=Va (Northern) Audio Word List |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1122622 |website=Zenodo |language=en |doi=10.5281/zenodo.1122622 |doi-access=free}}
  • {{Cite web |last=Hsiu |first=Andrew |date=2017b |title=Va (Southern) Audio Word List |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1123287 |website=Zenodo |language=en |doi=10.5281/zenodo.1123287 |doi-access=free}}
  • {{Cite journal |last=Sidwell |first=Paul |date=2015 |title=Austroasiatic Dataset for Phylogenetic Analysis: 2015 Version |url=http://www.mksjournal.org/mks44sidwell.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Mon-Khmer Studies |language=en |volume=44 |pages=lxviii–ccclvii |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129205451/http://www.mksjournal.org/mks44sidwell.pdf |archive-date=2016-11-29}} [Wamo dialect cited.]

Further reading

{{refbegin}}

  • {{Cite thesis |last=Hall |first=Elizabeth |title=A Phonology of Muak Sa-aak |date=2010 |degree=M.A. |publisher=Payap University |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Xwp1CVc7yLPLrViWa3v9FNQ4ujtyLurY/view |language=en}}

{{refend}}

External links

  • [https://sites.google.com/site/msealangs/austroasiatic/va MSEA Languages – Va]

{{Languages of China}}

{{Austroasiatic languages}}

Category:Palaungic languages

Category:Languages of Yunnan

Category:Pu'er City