Vachagan III

His lineage is uncertain. Murtazali Gadjiev considers him a son (or nephew) of the King of Kings ({{lang|pal|shahanshah}}) Yazdegerd II ({{reign|438|457}}) and brother (or nephew) of Vache II.{{sfn|Gadjiev|2020|p=32}} However, Aleksan Hakobyan refers to 5th century Armenian historian Elishe's mention of Vache as "a son inherited families", concluding that Vache was not heir but a second son. Hence, according to him, Vachagan was the son of elder but deceased son of Aswagen, thus a nephew of Vache II.{{Cite book |last=Hakobyan |first=Aleksan |url= |title=The Good Christian Ruler in the First Millennium |date=2021-07-19 |publisher=De Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-072561-2 |editor-last=Forness |editor-first=Philip Michael |pages=239–248 |language=en |chapter=The Creation of a "Pious" Image of King Vačʽagan II (r. c. 485–523) of Caucasian Albania in the Tale of Vačʽagan (Early Sixth Century) |doi=10.1515/9783110725612-012 |editor-last2=Hasse-Ungeheuer |editor-first2=Alexandra |editor-last3=Leppin |editor-first3=Hartmut |chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110725612-012/html |s2cid=243452357}}

File:Yeghishe Arakyal Monastery - Եղիշե առաքյալի վանք 02.JPG, where Vachagan III is buried]]

Vache II previously ruled Caucasian Albania as a Sasanian vassal, but had been forced to abdicate after his revolt was crushed by Yazdegerd II's son and successor Peroz I ({{reign|457|484}}) in 462.{{sfn|Gadjiev|2020|p=33}}{{sfn|Chaumont|1985|pp=806–810}} Albania would remain kingless until 485, when Vachagan III was installed on the throne by Peroz's brother and successor Balash ({{reign|484|488}}).{{sfn|Chaumont|1985|pp=806–810}} This happened around the time of the signing of the Treaty of Nvarsak.{{sfn|Gadjiev|2020|p=33}} The 6th-century Syriac author Zacharias Rhetor reports the siege of the Byzantine city of Amida by the Sasanian forces. After the city was captured in January 503, the victors started plundering the city and capturing prisoners. While this took place, mention is made of a "Christian prince of the country of Aran pleaded with the (Persian) king on behalf of one church, called the Church of the Forty Martyrs, and he spared it while it was full of people." Modern historian Murtazali Gadjiev deduces that the Christian prince described is "without a doubt" Vachagan III.{{sfn|Gadjiev|2020|p=33}} Although sources don't give date for end of Vachagan's reign, Hakobyan puts it into 523, about the time of Kavad I's invasion of Georgia and abolishment of Iberian monarchy.

The History of the Country of Albania names two children of Vachagan—a son, Pantaleon, named after Saint Pantaleon, and a daughter named Khanchik. His wife, named Shushanik ({{Langx|xcl|Շուշանիկ}}) was probably a Mamikonian princess.

Vachagan is presented in The History of the Country of Albania as a staunch Christian who ordered the Albanian aristocrats who had apostatized to return to their Christian beliefs. Furthermore, he also declared war against Zoroastrianism, paganism, idolatry and witchcraft.{{sfn|Chaumont|1985|pp=806–810}} He opened religious schools in the country and recovered the Grigoris' and Saint Pantaleon's relics and buried them in a tomb within the Amaras Monastery with help of his uncle Khochkorik.{{in lang|fr}} Mahé, Jean-Pierre, "Vač'agan III le Pieux et le culte des reliques," Revue des Études Arméniennes 35 (2013): 113-29. Hakobyan considers chapter on Vachagan's life as a tale and an image of the ideal and the good Christian ruler. He is traditionally assumed to be buried in Yeghishe Arakyal Monastery.

Vachagan's rule in Albania was characterized by gradual Armenianization of the country, relying on Armenian feudals. Hakobyan believes this is when Armenians came to consider Albania as an Armenian realm too. Later princely houses in the region, such as the Aranshahiks (authors such as Patrick Donabédian{{Cite book|last1=Chorbajian|first1=Levon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OUlnYdOHJ3wC|title=The Caucasian Knot: The History & Geopolitics of Nagorno-Karabagh|last2=Donabédian|first2=Patrick|last3=Mutafian|first3=Claude|date=1994|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=978-1-85649-288-1|pages=90|language=en}} and Bagrat Ulubabyan are supporters of this theory) and the Hasan-Jalalyans claimed descent from him. Vachagan has become a symbol of renewal in Nagorno-Karabakh; there is a state "Order of Vachagan the Pious" in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. The Armenian tale Anahit and Vachagan is loosely based on Vachagan's life. The tale was retold as romantic prose by Ghazaros Aghayan (adapted into the film Anahit in 1947) and as a children's story by Robert San Souci.{{Cite book|last=San Souci|first=Robert D.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36225467|title=A weave of words : an Armenian tale|date=1998|publisher=Orchard Books|others=Raúl Colón|isbn=0-531-30053-6|location=New York|oclc=36225467}}

Vachagan was depicted on the coat of arms of Stepanakert from 2012 until it fell to Azerbaijani control in 2023.{{cite web |title=Город Ханкенди (в 1991-2023 годах - Степанакерт) |url=http://flagiaf.ru/azerbaijan/azerbaijan.html#hanken |website=flagiaf.ru |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227075816/http://flagiaf.ru/azerbaijan/azerbaijan.html#hanken |archive-date=27 December 2024 |language=ru |quote=В частях щита изображены: царь Вагачан Благочестивый с крестом в руке...}}

{{reflist}}

• {{Encyclopædia Iranica|volume=1|fascicle=8|title=Albania|first=M. L.|last=Chaumont|pages=806–810 |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/albania-iranian-aran-arm}}
• {{Encyclopædia Iranica | title = Balāš | last1 = Chaumont | first1 = M. L. | first2 = K. | last2 = Schippmann | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/balas-proper-name | pages = 574–580|volume=3|fascicle=6}}
• {{cite journal | last = Gadjiev | first = Murtazali |author-link= | title = Construction Activities of Kavād I in Caucasian Albania | journal = Iran and the Caucasus | year = 2017 | volume = 21 | issue = 2 | pages = 121–131 | url = https://brill.com/view/journals/ic/21/2/article-p121_2.xml | publisher = Brill | doi = 10.1163/1573384X-20170202 | url-access = subscription }}
• {{cite book |last1=Gadjiev |first1=Murtazali |title=From Albania to Arrān: The East Caucasus between the Ancient and Islamic Worlds (ca. 330 BCE–1000 CE)|chapter=The Chronology of the Arsacid Albanians |editor-first=Robert|editor-last=Hoyland|publisher=Gorgias Press| date=2020|pages=29–35|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/43005774|chapter-url-access=registration}}
• {{Encyclopædia Iranica|volume=9|fascicle=6|title=Fīrūz|first=Klaus|last=Schippmann|pages=631–632 |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/firuz-1}}

{{Arsacid dynasty of Caucasian Albania}}

Category:Arsacid kings of Caucasian Albania

Category:5th-century Iranian people

Category:6th-century Iranian people

Category:Vassal rulers of the Sasanian Empire