Vanishing dimensions theory

Vanishing-dimensions theory is a particle physics theory suggesting that systems with higher energy have a smaller number of dimensions.

For example, the theory implies that the Universe had fewer dimensions after the Big Bang when its energy was high. Then the number of dimensions may have increased as the system cooled and the Universe may gain more dimensions with time. There could have originally been only one spatial dimension, with two dimensions total — one time dimension and one space dimension.{{cite web|url=http://atramateria.com/the-vanishing-dimensions-of-the-universe/|title=The vanishing dimensions of the Universe|date=March 22, 2011|publisher=Astra Materia|last1=Corbion|first1=Ashley|accessdate=May 21, 2013}} When there were only two dimensions, the Universe lacked gravitational degrees of freedom.{{cite arXiv |eprint=1304.6444|title=Vanishing dimensions: theory and phenomenology|last1=Stojkovic|first1=Dejan|date=April 23, 2013|class=hep-th}}

The theory is also tied to smaller amount of dimensions in smaller systems with the universe expansion being a suggested motivating phenomenon for growth of the number of dimensions with time,{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/04/110420152059.htm|title=Primordial Weirdness: Did the Early Universe Have One Dimension? Scientists Outline Test for Theory|date=April 20, 2011|accessdate=May 21, 2013}} suggesting a larger number of dimensions in systems on larger scale.{{cite journal|arxiv=1003.5914|title=Vanishing Dimensions and Planar Events at the LHC|date=December 29, 2011

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In 2011, Dejan Stojkovic from the University at Buffalo and Jonas Mureika from the Loyola Marymount University described use of a Laser Interferometer Space Antenna system, intended to detect gravitational waves, to test the vanishing-dimension theory{{cite journal|last1= Stojkovic|first1=Dejan|last2=Mureika|first2=Jonas|date=March 8, 2011|journal=Physical Review Letters|title=Detecting Vanishing Dimensions via Primordial Gravitational Wave Astronomy|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.101101|arxiv = 1102.3434 |bibcode = 2011PhRvL.106j1101M|volume=106|issue=10|page=101101|pmid=21469781|s2cid=119257294}} by detecting a maximum frequency after which gravitational waves can't be observed.

The vanishing-dimensions theory is seen as an explanation to cosmological constant problem: a fifth dimension would answer the question of energy density required to maintain the constant.