Varamin

The word "Varamin" has been recorded with the same spelling and pronunciation in Perso-Arabic script since 3rd A.H. century.{{cite book |last1=Tājīk |first1=ʻAlī Riz̤ā |last2=Atrī |first2=Siyyidizahrā |title=Ās̲ār-i tārīkhī-i Varāmīn-i bāstān |date=2005 |publisher=Mihr-i Amīr al-Muʼminīn |location=Tihrān |isbn=9789648173833 |edition=Chāp-i 1 |language=Persian}} While its etymology is not clear, there have been many speculations which are almost all not more than guesses. The entry "Varām" in Burhan-i Qati is defined as:"... Things that are easy and light, and a city in Mulk-i Rayy that is known also as Varāmin."{{cite book |last1=Amini |first1=Mohammad |last2=Rezvan |first2=Homayun |title=Tarikh-e Ejtemai-e Varamin |date=2003 |publisher=Elmi Farhangi Saheb-az-zaman |location=Tehran |isbn=9640612278 |page=88}} Mir Jalaleddin Kazzazi says "Varām" is a variant of the name Bahram (equivalent to Vahram in Pahlavi and Armenian), and may be from Varām+in meaning 'place of Bahram.'{{cite journal |last1=Kazzazi |first1=Mir Jalaleddin |title=Varamin: City of Bahram |journal=Ashena |volume=2 |issue=7 |url=http://ensani.ir/fa/article/274061/%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85 |access-date=3 March 2024 |language=Persian}}

The name has been transliterated in Latin scripts in many ways; such as Veramin, Veramine,{{cite book |last1=Dieulafoy |first1=Jane |title=Une amazone en Orient du Caucase à Persépolis, 1881-1882 |date=2010 |publisher=Phébus |location=Paris |isbn=9782752904485}} Weramin, Weramine, Veraumin, and other variants, while Encyclopedia Iranica uses Varāmīn.{{cite web |title=EMĀMZĀDA iii. Number, distribution, and important examples |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/emamzada-iii |website=Encyclopedia Iranica |access-date=31 May 2022}}

Until 1220s, Varamin was an agricultural center of Ray. The raiding of Ray by the invading Mongols caused a flux of migration and economical growth during Mongol Ilkhanid rule. Thus, Varamin developed into an urban center. A Vizier of Ilkhanid Abu Sa'id, named Yusuf Quhadhi built the Jameh Mosque of Varamin. Other significant monuments from this era include mausoleum of Imamzadeh Yahya, Aladdin Tower, Imamzadeh Shah Husayn, and Sharif mosque. At the turn of 14th century, Varamin started to decline due to Timurid Empire armies' invasions. In 1405, Ruy González de Clavijo described the city as mostly deserted, although during early Timurid rule, a minor restoration was applied to the Jameh mosque and Imamzadeh Hosein Reza was built. By 16th century, Tehran started to grow as the major city of the region.{{cite book |last1=Bloom |first1=Jonathan |last2=Blair |first2=Sheila |title=Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture: Three-Volume Set |date=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=9780195373042 |page=391 }}

{{Historical populations

| title = Historical population

| type = Iran

|align = right

| width =

| state =

| shading =

| percentages =

| footnote =

|1956|5205

|1966|11183

|1976|25892

|1986|58311

|1996|72331

|2006|208569

|2011|218991

|2016|225628

}}

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 208,569 in 53,639 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Tehran Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/23.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920084534/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/23.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}} The following census in 2011 counted 218,991 people in 62,884 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Tehran Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Tehran.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120190153/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Tehran.xls|archive-date=20 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}} The 2015 census measured the population of the city as 216000 people in 69,190 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Tehran Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_23.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212171617/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_23.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=12 December 2021}}

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According to the information of the State Meteorological Organization of Iran, the long-term average annual rainfall of Varamin is around 107.5 mm{{Cite web |title=tahghighat |url=https://tehranmet.ir/uploads/tahghighat/140201.pdf |website=tehranmet.ir}}{{Weather box |metric first= Yes |single line= Yes |location= Varamin

|Jan high C = 11

|Feb high C = 13

|Mar high C = 19

|Apr high C = 25

|May high C = 31

|Jun high C = 37

|Jul high C = 40

|Aug high C = 38

|Sep high C = 34

|Oct high C = 27

|Nov high C = 17

|Dec high C = 12

|Jan low C = 1

|Feb low C = 3

|Mar low C = 8

|Apr low C = 13

|May low C = 19

|Jun low C = 25

|Jul low C = 27

|Aug low C = 26

|Sep low C = 22

|Oct low C = 15

|Nov low C = 8

|Dec low C = 3

|Jan rain days= 3

|Feb rain days= 3

|Mar rain days= 3

|Apr rain days= 3

|May rain days= 1

|Jun rain days= 0

|Jul rain days= 0

|Aug rain days= 0

|Sep rain days= 0

|Oct rain days= 1

|Nov rain days= 3

|Dec rain days= 3

|rain colour=green

|Jan rain mm = 19.4

|Feb rain mm = 23.0

|Mar rain mm = 27.1

|Apr rain mm = 21.4

|May rain mm = 7.1

|Jun rain mm = 1.1

|Jul rain mm = 0.9

|Aug rain mm = 0.8

|Sep rain mm = 0.9

|Oct rain mm = 9.5

|Nov rain mm = 32.2

|Dec rain mm = 18.1

|Jan snow cm = 0.4

|Feb snow cm = 0.9

|Mar snow cm = 0.0

|Apr snow cm = 0.0

|May snow cm = 0.0

|Jun snow cm = 0.0

|Jul snow cm = 0.0

|Aug snow cm = 0.0

|Sep snow cm = 0.0

|Oct snow cm = 0.0

|Nov snow cm = 0.3

|Dec snow cm = 0.0

|Jan humidity = 42

|Feb humidity = 42

|Mar humidity = 33

|Apr humidity = 29

|May humidity = 23

|Jun humidity = 15

|Jul humidity = 15

|Aug humidity = 17

|Sep humidity = 18

|Oct humidity = 27

|Nov humidity = 41

|Dec humidity = 45

| Jan sun =223.2

| Feb sun =203.4

| Mar sun =294.5

| Apr sun =339

| May sun =368.9

| Jun sun =366

| Jul sun =375.1

| Aug sun =375.1

| Sep sun =348

| Oct sun =238.7

| Nov sun =219

| Dec sun =226.3

| Jand sun =7.2

| Febd sun =7.2

| Mard sun =9.5

| Aprd sun =11.3

| Mayd sun =11.9

| Jund sun =12.2

| Juld sun =12.1

| Augd sun =12.1

| Sepd sun =11.6

| Octd sun =7.7

| Novd sun =7.3

| Decd sun =7.3

| Jan light = 10.1

| Feb light = 10.9

| Mar light = 12

| Apr light = 13.1

| May light = 14

| Jun light = 14.5

| Jul light = 14.3

| Aug light = 13.5

| Sep light = 12.4

| Oct light = 11.3

| Nov light = 10.3

| Dec light = 9.8

| year light=

| Jan uv =2

| Feb uv =3

| Mar uv =4

| Apr uv =6

| May uv =7

| Jun uv =8

| Jul uv =8

| Aug uv =7

| Sep uv =6

| Oct uv =5

| Nov uv =3

| Dec uv =3

|source 1 = World Weather Online(2009-2023){{cite web |title=Varamin Climate Weather Averages |url=https://www.worldweatheronline.com/varamin-weather-averages/tehran/ir.aspx |website=WorldWeatherOnline.com |access-date=31 May 2022 |language=en}}

|source 2 = Weather Atlas (Humidity-sun-daylight) {{Cite web|url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/iran/varamin-climate|title=Varamin, Iran - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast}}

}}

During the Mongol Ilkhanate, as a result of the economic growth in the region, Varamin became an urban center and most of the significant historical monuments of this city belong to this period. Including:

{{main|Jameh Mosque of Varamin}}

The most famous building of the city, the Jameh mosque's construction began during Öljaitü's reign and completed in during his son's rule in 1322.

{{main|Aladdin Tower}}

A cylindrical tomb with a conic dome was built in 1289 over a local ruler's grave.

{{main|Imamzadeh Yahya}}

The tomb of a descendant of Muhammad in the city, famed for its tile-works.{{cite web |last1=Museum |first1=Victoria and Albert |title=Tile Panel {{!}} Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Tahir {{!}} V&A Explore The Collections |url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O89590/tile-panel-ali-ibn-muhammad/ |website=Victoria and Albert Museum: Explore the Collections |date=1262 |access-date=9 June 2022 |language=en}} The tomb was constructed in 1307.

Other than the three mentioned above, another tomb known as Shah Hoseyn was also built in Ilkhanid era. Portal of Masjid-i Sharif, which does not exist nowadays is mentioned to be completed in 1307. An Ilkhanid graveyard was unearthed in 2016.{{cite web |title=كشف یك گورستان تاریخی در ورامین |url=https://www.irna.ir/news/82179285/كشف-یك-گورستان-تاریخی-در-ورامین |website=ایرنا |access-date=9 June 2022 |language=fa |date=7 August 2016}}

{{multiple image

| align = center

|total_width = 720

| image1 = Varamin-Mosque-Porch.jpg

| height1 = 110

| alt1 =

| caption1 = Jameh Mosque of Varamin

| image2 = Aladole Tower - 2018 - 01.jpg

| height2 = 110

| alt2 =

| caption2 = Aladdin Tower

| image3 = Decoration Imamzade Yahya.jpg

| height3 = 110

| alt3 =

| caption3 = A set of tiles from Imamzadeh Yahya

| footer =

}}

Other than above buildings, mausoleums of Hosein Reza, Sakinehbanu, Kowkab a-ddin, Seyyed Fathollah, and Zaid Abolhassan are other historical monuments. Additionally, historians have mentioned the Razaviyeh historical madrasah adjacent to the Jameh Mosque, also Varamin Castle, 1500 feet from the Jameh Mosque, has also been a noted by travelers, both the madrasah and citadel do not also exist today.{{cite web |title=معنی جامع ورامین {{!}} لغت‌نامه دهخدا |url=https://www.vajehyab.com/dehkhoda/جامع+ورامین |website=www.vajehyab.com |access-date=9 June 2022 |language=fa}}

{{multiple image

| align = center

|total_width = 720

| image1 = Citadel of Varamin by Jules Laurens.jpg

| height1 = 110

| alt1 =

| caption1 = Citadel of Varamin drawn by Jules Laurens in 1848.

| image2 = Hosseinreza,_Varamin.jpg

| height2 = 110

| alt2 =

| caption2 = Imamzadeh Hosein Reza, built in 1437 CE.

| image3 = Inscribtions_Fatholla.jpg

| height3 = 110

| alt3 =

| caption3 = Inscriptions on Seyyed Fathollah's tomb, with the date 900 A.H. (1495 CE)

| footer =

}}

Varamin Sugar Refinery Factory was built in 1934–1935 by Nikolai Markov and is the very first sugar refinery factory in Iran and Middle East. Since 2007 and privatization,{{cite news |title=کارخانه قند ورامین در آستانه بازگشایی قرار گرفت |url=https://www.irna.ir/news/84299787/کارخانه-قند-ورامین-در-آستانه-بازگشایی-قرار-گرفت |access-date=10 February 2022 |agency=IRNA |language=Persian}} its produce has been reduced because of shortage in ingredients.{{Cite news |url=http://www.parsine.com/fa/news/57078/قديمي-ترين-کارخانه-قند-ايران-تعطيل-شد|script-title=fa:قديمي ترين کارخانه قند ايران تعطيل شد. |work=www.Parsine.com |language=fa}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.tebyan.net/Social/SevenContinents/IranTour_Geographical_/2010/7/8/130041.html|script-title=fa:یادگارهای جناب نیکلای|work=www.Tebyan.net |language=fa}}

Varamin Oil-extracting factory was built in 1938–1939 and is the first producer of vegetable oil in Iran.{{Cite web|url=http://www.khoec.com/Default.aspx?tabid=368|script-title=fa:روغنکشی شماره ی یک ورامین|work=www.Khoec.com|language=fa|access-date=2012-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001082659/http://www.khoec.com/Default.aspx?tabid=368|archive-date=2011-10-01|url-status=dead}}

{{further|Varamin carpet}}

Carpets and rugs of Varamin are among most famous carpets in the world. Many rug and carpet experts see Varamins as purer Persian carpets.{{Cite web |url=http://www.little-persia.com/?action=Varamin|title= Varamin carpets in Little Persia |work=www.little-persia.com |date= 10 June 2023 }} They have geometric patterns with repeated medallions, especially on runners. They are made by tribal people who either live in or pass by Varamin.

Islamic Azad University Varamin-Pishva Branch was established in 1985. This branch has more than 86 different majors and capacity of 15,000 students.[http://iauvaramin.ac.ir/fa/?page_id=227 iauvaramin.ac.ir]

{{Commons category-inline|Varamin}}

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{{Tehran Province|state=collapsed}}

{{Varamin County|state=collapsed}}

{{Varamin}}

Category:Cities in Tehran province

Category:Populated places in Varamin County