Vasyl Kuk
{{Short description|Ukrainian nationalist activist and militant (1913–2007)}}
{{Family name hatnote|Stepanovych|Kuk|lang=Eastern Slavic}}
{{Sources|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = Vasyl Kuk
| image = Vasyl Kuk.jpg
| caption = Kuk in January 2007
| native_name = Василь Степанович Кук
| native_name_lang = uk
| nickname = Koval
| birth_date = {{birth date|1913|1|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = Krasne, Galicia and Lodomeria, Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine)
| death_date = {{death date and age|2007|9|9|1913|1|11|df=y}}
| death_place = Kyiv, Ukraine
| allegiance = Ukrainian Insurgent Army
| serviceyears = 1942–1954
| battles = {{tree list}}
{{tree list/end}}
| alma_mater = {{plainlist|
}}
}}
Vasyl Stepanovych Kuk ({{langx|uk|Василь Степанович Кук}}; 11 January 1913 – 9 September 2007) was a Ukrainian nationalist activist and militant who was the last leader of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, following the death of Roman Shukhevych. In 1954, he was captured by Soviet KGB troops and spent six years in prison without a court sentence.
Biography
Vasyl Stepanovych Kuk was born in the village of Krasne in Austria-Hungary (now in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine) on 11 January 1913 to a family of railway workers.{{sfn|Kentii|2008}} He was baptised in the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church five days after his birth.{{sfn|Birth and baptismal certificate, 1931}} Kuk was a gymnasium student in the city of Zolochiv, and he later studied law at the Catholic University of Lublin. There, Kuk became active in several Ukrainian youth organisations, such as Plast, {{ill|Ukrainian Sokil movement|lt=Sokil|uk|Товариство «Сокіл» (Україна)}} and Prosvita.{{sfn|Vedenieiev|2016}}
Kuk joined the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists, a militant Ukrainian nationalist group, in 1929.{{sfn|Kentii|2008}} In 1937 he went underground to escape the Polish police. In 1941, he became one of the OUN's leaders. During World War II, he headed an OUN-organized anti-Nazi underground in Dnipropetrovsk Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (now Dnipro, Ukraine) from 1942 to 1943, before returning to western Ukraine.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} He led the People's Revolutionary Liberation Organisation, a socialist organ of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) in Volhynia, as well as the UPA's {{ill|Southern Operational Group (Ukrainian Insurgent Army)|lt=Southern Operational Group|uk|УПА-Південь}}.{{sfn|Marchuk|2001|p=166}}
After leader Roman Shukhevych's death in 1950, Kuk assumed the role of commander of the UPA and of the OUN in Ukraine. Kuk was captured by Soviet forces in 1954. After six years of imprisonment and interrogation, he was amnestied and allowed to move to Kyiv. After obtaining a philosophy degree from University of Kyiv, he worked at Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR before his eventual dismissal as an undesirable following the publication of his book Marxism-Leninism about the Ukrainian National Question. In the 1990s he became active in UPA veteran affairs.
Statement to the Ukrainians
In 1960 Vasyl Kuk wrote an open letter.{{sfn|The Ukrainian Weekly, 1960}} He directed his statement to the Ukrainians living outside the Soviet Union. Kuk read his letter over the Soviet radio on 19 September 1960. His letter was then reprinted by the Soviet press and eventually by the newspapers in the US and Canada.
In the letter Kuk admits his anti-Bolshevik activity before, during and after World War II, partly explaining it with his own "misguidance" and partly deploring it. Next he states that he had been arrested, but later released by decree of the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR and now along with his wife is a "free citizen of Ukrainian SSR."
The main part of the letter is devoted to the proof that there is no longer any need for underground resistance in Ukraine and that rebellion against Communism is synonymous with the rebellion against the Ukrainian nation. Kuk stated that although it may be true that in the times of the "personality cult" of Stalin the conditions were not too favorable, but not really as bad, as the nationalists indicate and now under Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev things are truly fine and if you do not believe it then "come and see for yourself."
Death and burial
Kuk died on 9 September 2007, in his apartment in Kyiv. His funeral was held in Kyiv at the Kyiv City Teacher's House before his body was transported to Lviv, where the funeral service continued. Kuk was buried in Krasne.{{sfn|BBC News Ukrainian, 2007}}
References
= Bibliography =
{{ref begin}}
- {{Cite web |last=Kentii |first=Anatolii |date=2008 |editor-last=Smolii |editor-first=V. A. |title=КУК Василь Степанович |trans-title=KUK, Vasyl Stepanovych |url=http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Kuk_V |access-date=17 February 2025 |website=Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine |publisher=Institute of History of Ukraine |language=uk |publication-place=Kyiv}}
- {{Cite web |date=17 February 1931 |title=Свідотство про народження та хрещення Василя Кука від 17.02.1931 року |trans-title=Birth and baptismal certificate of Vasyl Kuk, 17.02.1931 |url=https://avr.org.ua/viewDoc/11119/ |access-date=17 February 2025 |website=Electronic Archive of the Ukrainian Liberation Movement |language=la, uk |ref={{sfnRef|Birth and baptismal certificate, 1931}}}}
- {{Cite web |last=Vedenieiev |first=D. V. |date=2016 |editor-last=Dziuba |editor-first=I. M. |editor-link=Ivan Dziuba |editor2-last=Zhukovskyi |editor2-first=A. I. |editor3-last=Zhelezniak |editor3-first=M. H. |title=Кук Василь Степанович |trans-title=Kuk, Vasyl Stepanovych |url=https://esu.com.ua/article-51093 |access-date=17 February 2025 |website=Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine |publisher=National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Shevchenko Scientific Society |language=uk}}
- {{Cite journal |last=Marchuk |first=I. V. |date=2001 |title=Невідомі документи Народно-визвольної революційної організації |trans-title=Unknown documents of the People's Revolutionary Liberation Organisation |url=http://www.irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe?I21DBN=LINK&P21DBN=UJRN&Z21ID=&S21REF=10&S21CNR=20&S21STN=1&S21FMT=ASP_meta&C21COM=S&2_S21P03=FILA=&2_S21STR=ay_2001_4-5(247)__16 |journal=Archives of Ukraine |language=uk |volume=4–5 |issue=247 |pages=166–177 |via=Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine}}
- {{Cite news |date=10 December 1960 |title=The Mysterious "Open Letter" |url=https://www.ukrweekly.com/archive/1960/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1960-49.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130104605/https://www.ukrweekly.com/archive/1960/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_1960-49.pdf |archive-date=30 November 2024 |work=The Ukrainian Weekly |pages=2–3 |volume=LXVII |issue=237 |ref={{sfnRef|The Ukrainian Weekly, 1960}}}}
- {{Cite news |date=9 September 2007 |title=Помер останній командувач УПА Василь Кук |trans-title=Vasyl Kuk, final UPA commander, dies |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/domestic/story/2007/09/070909_kuk_dead_kk |work=BBC News Ukrainian |ref={{sfnRef|BBC News Ukrainian, 2007}}}}
{{ref end}}
External links
- [http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?AddButton=pages\K\U\KukVasyl.htm Encyclopedia of Ukraine entry]
- [http://www.unian.net/eng/news/news-213145.html Lubomyr Luciuk, Professor of Geography, Royal Military College of Canada, Globe and Mail, September 15th, 2007]
{{commons category}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kuk, Vasyl}}
Category:Military personnel from Lviv Oblast
Category:People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
Category:Ukrainian Austro-Hungarians
Category:Members of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
Category:Ukrainian people of World War II
Category:Commanders of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army