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Venlo dialect

{{Expand Dutch|topic=cult|Venloos|date=October 2020}}

{{Expand Limburgish|Venloos|date=October 2020}}{{Short description|Dialect of Limburgish in the Netherlands}}

{{Infobox language

|name = Venlo dialect

|nativename = {{lang|li|Venloos}}

|pronunciation = {{IPA|li|ˈvɛnloːs|}}

|states = Netherlands

|region = Venlo

|speakers = ?

|ref =

|familycolor = Indo-European

|fam2 = Germanic

|fam3 = West Germanic

|fam4 = Weser–Rhine Germanic

|fam5 = Low Franconian

|fam6 = Limburgish

|isoexception = dialect

|glotto = none

}}

Venlo dialect (Dutch and {{langx|li|Venloos}}) is the city dialect and a variant of Limburgish spoken in the Dutch city of Venlo alongside the Dutch language (with which it is not mutually intelligible). It belongs to a group of transitional dialects between Kleverlandish and East Limburgish spoken in the northern part of Netherlands Limburg. That group of dialects is also known by its Dutch name Mich-kwartier ("Mich area", based on the usage of {{lang|li|mich}} {{IPA|/ˈmex/}} instead of the Brabantian {{lang|nl|mij}} {{IPA|/ˈmɛj/}} as the accusative form of {{lang|li|ik}} 'I').

Phonology

=Vowels=

class="wikitable" style="margin:aut"

|+Vowel phonemes{{sfnp|Peeters|1951|p=36}}

! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |

! colspan="4" | Front

! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Central

! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Back

colspan="2" | {{small|unrounded}}

! colspan="2" | {{small|rounded}}

{{small|short}}

! {{small|long}}

! {{small|short}}

! {{small|long}}

! {{small|short}}

! {{small|long}}

! {{small|short}}

! {{small|long}}

align="center"

! colspan="2" | Close

| {{IPA link|i}} {{angbr|ie}}

| {{IPA link|iː}} {{angbr|iê}}

| {{IPA link|y}} {{angbr|uu}}

| {{IPA link|yː}} {{angbr|uû}}

|

|

| {{IPA link|u}} {{angbr|oe}}

| {{IPA link|uː}} {{angbr|oê}}

align="center"

! colspan="2" | Close-mid

| {{IPA link|e}} {{angbr|i}}

| {{IPA link|eː}} {{angbr|ee}}

| {{IPA link|ɵ|ø}} {{angbr|u}}

| {{IPA link|øː}} {{angbr|eu}}

| rowspan="2" | {{IPA link|ə}} {{angbr|e}}

|

| {{IPA link|o}} {{angbr|ó}}

| {{IPA link|o̝|oː}} {{angbr|oo}}

align=center

! colspan="2" | Open-mid

| {{IPA link|ɛ}} {{angbr|e}}

| {{IPA link|ɛː}} {{angbr|ae}}

| {{IPA link|œ}} {{angbr|ö}}

| {{IPA link|œː}} {{angbr|äö}}

|

| {{IPA link|ɒ}} {{angbr|o}}

| {{IPA link|ɒː}} {{angbr|ao}}

align="center"

! colspan="2" | Open

|

|

|

|

|

| {{IPA link|ɐ|aː}} {{angbr|aa}}

| {{IPA link|ɑ}} {{angbr|a}}

|

align="center"

! rowspan="2" | Diphthongs

! {{small|closing}}

| colspan="8" | {{IPA|ɛj   œj   ɔw}}

align="center"

! {{small|centering}}

| colspan="8" | {{IPA|iə   yə   uə}}

  • {{IPA|/ə/}} is restricted to unstressed syllables.
  • {{IPA|/oː/}} is near-close {{IPAblink|ʊ|o̝ː}}.{{sfnp|Peeters|1951|p=32}}
  • {{IPA|/ɛ/}} is the only "short open E" sound in the dialect. The phonetically open {{IPAblink|æ}} does not have a phonemic status.
  • {{IPA|/ɒ, ɒː/}} are phonetically open but phonologically open-mid, the back counterparts of {{IPA|/œ, œː/}}.
  • {{IPA|/aː/}} is somewhat 'laxer' {{IPAblink|ɐː}} than in Standard Dutch.{{sfnp|Peeters|1951|p=39}} As in most other dialects, it is the phonological long counterpart of {{IPA|/ɑ/}}.

=Pitch accent=

{{Main|Pitch-accent language#Franconian dialects}}

As many other Limburgish dialects, the Venlo dialect features a contrastive pitch accent, with minimal pairs such {{lang|li|speule}} {{IPA|/ˈspøːlə/}} 'to rinse' vs. {{lang|li|speule}} {{IPA|/ˈspǿːlə/}} 'to play' and {{lang|li|bein}} {{IPA|/ˈbɛjn/}} 'legs' vs. {{lang|li|bein}} {{IPA|/ˈbɛ́jn/}} 'leg', with the first word in each pair featuring Accent 1 (left unmarked) and the second word Accent 2 (transcribed as a high tone).{{sfnp|Peeters|1951|pp=137–141}}{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|van der Vliet|1999|pp=101–105}}

Bibliography

{{refbegin}}

  • {{citation

|last1=Gussenhoven

|first1=Carlos

|last2=van der Vliet

|first2=Peter

|year=1999

|title=The phonology of tone and intonation in the Dutch dialect of Venlo

|journal=Journal of Linguistics

|volume=35

|pages=99–135

|doi=10.1017/S0022226798007324

|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251996999

}}

  • {{citation

|last=Peeters

|first=F.J.P.

|year=1951

|title=Het klankkarakter van het Venloos

|place=Nijmegen

|publisher=Dekker & v.d. Vegt

|url=https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/peet007klan01_01/

}}

{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Venlo Dialect}}

Category:Culture of Limburg (Netherlands)

Category:Languages of the Netherlands

Category:Low Franconian languages

Category:Venlo

References

{{reflist}}

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