Versatile Video Coding
{{Short description|Video compression standard}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox technology standard
| title = VVC / H.266 / MPEG-I Part 3
| long_name = Versatile video coding
| image = File:Versatile Video Coding (logo).svg
| caption =
| status = In force
| year_started = 2017
| version = 3rd Edition
| version_date = 29 September 2023
| preview =
| preview_date =
| organization = ITU-T, ISO, IEC
| committee = SG16 (Secretary: Simao Campos) (VCEG), MPEG
| base_standards = H.261, H.262, H.263, H.264, H.265, ISO/IEC 14496-2, MPEG-1
| predecessor = H.265
| abbreviation =
| domain = Video compression
| license = RAND
| website = {{URL|https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.266}}
|first_published=2020}}
Versatile Video Coding (VVC), also known as H.266,{{Cite web |title=H.266: Versatile video coding |url=https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.266 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621114852/https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.266 |archive-date=2021-06-21 |access-date=2021-06-21 |website=International Telecommunication Union}} ISO/IEC 23090-3,{{cite web |date=September 2022 |title=Information technology — Coded representation of immersive media — Part 3: Versatile video coding |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/83531.html |accessdate=2021-02-16 |website=International Organization for Standardization |language=en |id=ISO/IEC 23090-3:2022 |edition=2nd}} and MPEG-I Part 3, is a video compression standard finalized on 6 July 2020, by the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET){{Cite web |title=JVET - Joint Video Experts Team |url=https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/studygroups/2017-2020/16/Pages/video/jvet.aspx |access-date=2019-01-21 |website=International Telecommunication Union}} of the VCEG working group of ITU-T Study Group 16 and the MPEG working group of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29. It is the successor to High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC, also known as ITU-T H.265 and MPEG-H Part 2). It was developed with two primary goals{{snd}}improved compression performance and support for a very broad range of applications.{{cite journal |first1=Benjamin |last1=Bross |first2=Jianle |last2=Chen |first3=Jens-Rainer |last3=Ohm |first4=Gary J. |last4=Sullivan |first5=Ye-Kui |last5=Wang |title=Developments in International Video Coding Standardization After AVC, With an Overview of Versatile Video Coding (VVC) |journal=Proceedings of the IEEE |volume=109 |issue=9 |pages=1463–1493 |doi=10.1109/JPROC.2020.3043399 |date=September 2021 |s2cid=234183758 |doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |first1=Benjamin |last1=Bross |first2=Ye-Kui |last2=Wang |first3=Yan |last3=Ye |first4=Shan |last4=Liu |first5=Gary J. |last5=Sullivan |first6=Jens-Rainer |last6=Ohm |title=Overview of the Versatile Video Coding (VVC) Standard and its Applications |journal= IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology|volume=31 |issue=10 |pages=3736–3764 |doi=10.1109/TCSVT.2021.3101953 |date=October 2021 |s2cid=238243504 |doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |first1=Jill M. |last1=Boyce|author1-link=Jill Boyce |first2=Jianle |last2=Chen |first3=Shan |last3=Liu |first4=Jens-Rainer |last4=Ohm |first5=Gary J. |last5=Sullivan |first6=Thomas |last6=Wiegand |author-link6=Thomas Wiegand |first7=Yan |last7=Ye |first8=Wenwu |last8=Zhu |title=Guest Editorial Introduction to the Special Section on the VVC Standard |journal= IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology|volume=31 |issue=10 |pages=3731–3735 |doi=10.1109/TCSVT.2021.3111712 |date=October 2021 |s2cid=238425004 |doi-access=free }}
Concept
In October 2015, the MPEG and VCEG formed the Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET) to evaluate available compression technologies and study the requirements for a next-generation video compression standard. The new standard has about 50% better compression rate for the same perceptual quality compared to HEVC, with support for lossless and lossy compression. It supports resolutions ranging from very low resolution up to 4K and 16K as well as 360° videos. VVC supports YCbCr 4:4:4, 4:2:2 and 4:2:0 with 8–10 bits per component, BT.2100 wide color gamut and high dynamic range (HDR) of more than 16 stops (with peak brightness of 1,000, 4,000 and 10,000 nits), auxiliary channels (for depth, transparency, etc.), variable and fractional frame rates from 0 to 120 Hz and higher, scalable video coding for temporal (frame rate), spatial (resolution), SNR, color gamut and dynamic range differences, stereo/multiview coding, panoramic formats, and still-picture coding. Work on high bit depth support (12 to 16 bits per component) started in October 2020{{Cite web|author1=T. Ikai |author2=T. Zhou |author3=T. Hashimoto |title=AHG12: VVC coding tool evaluation for high bit-depth coding|url=http://phenix.it-sudparis.eu/jvet/doc_end_user/current_document.php?id=10466|website=JVET document management system}} and was included in the second edition published in 2022. Encoding complexity of several times (up to ten times) that of HEVC is expected, depending on the quality of the encoding algorithm (which is outside the scope of the standard). The decoding complexity is about twice that of HEVC.
VVC development has been made using the VVC Test Model (VTM), a reference software codebase that was started with a minimal set of coding tools. Further coding tools have been added after being tested in Core Experiments (CEs). Its predecessor was the Joint Exploration Model (JEM), an experimental software codebase that was based on the reference software used for HEVC.
Like its predecessor, VVC uses motion-compensated DCT video coding. While HEVC supports integer discrete cosine transform (DCT) square block sizes between 4×4 and 32×32, VVC adds support for non-square DCT rectangular block sizes. VVC also introduces several intra-frame prediction modes based on these rectangular DCT blocks to provide improved motion compensation prediction.{{Cite book |last=Bailey |first=Donald G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4DHOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA359 |title=Design for Embedded Image Processing on FPGAs |date=2023-08-14 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-119-81979-0 |pages=359}}
History
JVET issued a final Call for Proposals in October 2017, and the standardization process officially began in April 2018 when the first working draft of the standard was produced.{{Cite web|url=https://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards/exploration/future-video-coding/n17195-joint-call-proposals-video-compression-capability|title=N17195, Joint Call for Proposals on Video Compression with Capability beyond HEVC |website=mpeg.chiariglione.org|access-date=2019-01-21}}{{Cite web|url=https://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards/mpeg-i/versatilevideo-coding/n17669-working-draft-1-versatile-video-coding|title=N17669, Working Draft 1 of Versatile Video Coding |website=mpeg.chiariglione.org|access-date=2019-08-18}}
At IBC 2018, a preliminary implementation based on VVC was demonstrated that was said to compress video 40% more efficiently than HEVC.{{Cite web |last=Richter |first=Thomas |date=2018-09-12 |title=Fraunhofer Institut zeigt 50% besseren HEVC Nachfolger VVC auf der // IBC 2018 |url=https://www.slashcam.de/news/single/Fraunhofer-Institut-zeigt-50--besseren-HEVC-Nachfo-14589.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108065644/https://www.slashcam.de/news/single/Fraunhofer-Institut-zeigt-50--besseren-HEVC-Nachfo-14589.html |archive-date=2018-11-08 |access-date=2019-01-21 |website=slashCAM |language=de}}
The content of the final standard was approved on 6 July 2020.{{Cite web |date=July 6, 2020 |title=Fraunhofer HHI is proud to present the new state-of-the-art in global video coding: H.266/VVC brings video transmission to new speeds |url=https://newsletter.fraunhofer.de/-viewonline2/17386/465/11/14SHcBTt/V44RELLZBp/1 |access-date=2020-07-08 |website=Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications}}{{Cite web|url=https://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards/mpeg-i/versatile-video-coding|title=Versatile Video Coding {{!}} MPEG|website=mpeg.chiariglione.org|access-date=2019-01-21}}{{Cite web|last=ITU|date=2018-04-27|title=Beyond HEVC: Versatile Video Coding project starts strongly in Joint Video Experts Team|url=https://news.itu.int/versatile-video-coding-project-starts-strongly/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621114540/https://news.itu.int/beyond-hevc-progress-update-versatile-video-coding/|archive-date=2021-06-21|access-date=2021-06-21|website=ITU News|language=en}}
= Schedule =
- October 2017: Call for proposals
- April 2018: Evaluation of the proposals received and first draft of the standard{{cite web |url=http://phenix.int-evry.fr/jvet/doc_end_user/current_document.php?id=3538 |title=JVET-J1001: Versatile Video Coding (Draft 1) |date=April 2018}}
- July 2019: Ballot issued for committee draft
- October 2019: Ballot issued for draft international standard
- 6 July 2020: Completion of final standard
Licensing
To reduce the risk of the problems seen when licensing HEVC implementations, for VVC a new group called the Media Coding Industry Forum (MC-IF) was founded.{{Cite web|url=http://www.streamingmedia.com/Articles/ReadArticle.aspx?ArticleID=129386|title=A Video Codec Licensing Update|last=Ozer|first=Jan|date=2019-01-13|website=Streaming Media |access-date=2019-01-21}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.mc-if.org/|title=MC-IF|website=mc-if|language=en|access-date=2019-01-21}} However, MC-IF had no power over the standardization process, which was based on technical merit as determined by consensus decisions of JVET.{{cite web |last1=Feldman |first1=Christian |title=Video Engineering Summit East 2019 – AV1/VVC Update |url=http://streamingmedia.brightcovegallery.com/detail/videos/video-engineering-summit-east-2019/video/6036724771001/ves104.-av1-vvc-update |access-date=20 June 2019 |location=New York |date=7 May 2019 |quote=No change to the standardization has been done, so it could theoretically happen that the same thing with HEVC happens again. No measures have been done to prevent that, unfortunately. Also, JVET is not directly responsible; they are just a technical committee. (…) There is the Media Coding Industry Forum (…), but they don't have any real power. |archive-date=20 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620232436/http://streamingmedia.brightcovegallery.com/detail/videos/video-engineering-summit-east-2019/video/6036724771001/ves104.-av1-vvc-update |url-status=dead }}
Four companies were initially vying to be patent pool administrators for VVC, in a situation similar to the previous AVC{{Cite web |last1=Siglin |first1=Timothy |date=2009-02-12|title=The H.264 Licensing Labyrinth |url=https://www.streamingmedia.com/Articles/ReadArticle.aspx?ArticleID=65403 |access-date=2020-07-08|website=Streaming Media |language=en-US}} and HEVC{{Cite web|date=2020-01-17 |first=Jan |last=Ozer |title=Balance of Power Shifts Among HEVC Patent Pools|url=https://www.streamingmedia.com/Articles/ReadArticle.aspx?ArticleID=136123|access-date=2020-07-08|website=Streaming Media |language=en-US}} codecs. Two companies later formed patent pools: Access Advance and MPEG LA (now known as Via-LA).{{Cite web |first=Jan |last=Ozer |url=https://www.streamingmedia.com/Articles/ReadArticle.aspx?ArticleID=144949 |title= VVC Patent Pools: And Then There Were Two |website=Streaming Media |language=en|date=28 January 2021|access-date=2021-02-23}}
Access Advance published their licensing fee in April 2021.{{Cite web |title=access advance royalties |url=https://accessadvance.com/hevc-advance-patent-pool-detailed-royalty-rates/}} Via-LA published their licensing fee in January 2022.{{Cite web |title=via-la licensing fees |work=ViaLa |url=https://www.via-la.com/licensing-2/vvc/vvc-license-fees/}}
Companies known not to be a part of the Access Advance or Via-LA patent pools as of May 2025 are: Apple, Canon, Ericsson, Fraunhofer, Google, Huawei, Intel, Interdigital, LG, Maxell, Microsoft, Nokia, Oppo, Qualcomm, Samsung, Sharp and Sony.{{Cite web |title=access advance companies |url=https://accessadvance.com/vvc-worldwide-patent-landscape/}}
Adoption
= Software =
Encoders/decoders
- Fraunhofer HHI released a source-available encoder called VVenC{{cite web |title=Fraunhofer HHI has developed a software encoder that fully exploits the compression potential of VVC. Its source code is available on GitHub. |url=https://www.hhi.fraunhofer.de/en/departments/vca/technologies-and-solutions/h266-vvc/fraunhofer-versatile-video-encoder-vvenc.html |website=hhi.fraunhofer.de |access-date=29 June 2021 |language=en}} and decoder called VVdeC{{cite web |title=Fraunhofer HHI has developed a resource efficient, multithreaded VVC software decoder that enables live decoding. Its source code is available on GitHub. |url=https://www.hhi.fraunhofer.de/en/departments/vca/technologies-and-solutions/h266-vvc/fraunhofer-versatile-video-decoder-vvdec.html |website=hhi.fraunhofer.de |access-date=29 June 2021 |language=en}}
- [https://github.com/fraunhoferhhi/vvenc Fraunhofer Versatile Video Encoder (VVenC)]
- [https://github.com/fraunhoferhhi/vvdec Fraunhofer Versatile Video Decoder (VVdeC)]
- [https://vcgit.hhi.fraunhofer.de/jvet/VVCSoftware_VTM VVC VTM reference software]
- Tencent Media Lab offers a real time decoder{{cite web |author=Tencent |url=https://multimedia.tencent.com/news/202102011 |title=High performance Real-time H.266/VVC decoder now available from Tencent Media Lab |publisher=Tencent |date=2021-06-22 |language=en |access-date=2021-06-22 |archive-date=22 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622112915/https://multimedia.tencent.com/news/202102011 |url-status=dead }} and the Tencent Cloud service offers transcoding and streaming in its cloud infrastructure.{{cite web |author=Tencent |url=https://intl.cloud.tencent.com/dynamic/news-details/100152 |title=Tencent Cloud Becomes First Cloud Service Provider to Support H.266/VVC Standard |date=2021-07-16 }}
- [https://github.com/ultravideo/uvg266 uvg266] open source encoder
- ffmpeg starting with version 7.0 supports experimental decoding.{{Cite web |title=FFmpeg |url=https://ffmpeg.org/index.html#news |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=ffmpeg.org}} Version 7.1 elevated support to official status.{{Cite web |title=git.videolan.org Git - ffmpeg.git/commitdiff |url=https://git.videolan.org/?p=ffmpeg.git;a=commitdiff;h=6df0c5f9f4c3261acf5b0efe43597b9eb765d6b6 |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=git.videolan.org}}
- LAV Filters, ffmpeg based DirectShow splitter and decoders for Windows, supports demuxing and decoding starting with version 0.79.{{Cite web |title=Release 0.79 · Nevcairiel/LAVFilters |url=https://github.com/Nevcairiel/LAVFilters/releases/tag/0.79 |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=GitHub |language=en}}
- OpenVVC,{{Cite web |title=Project |url=https://openvvc.github.io/ |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=OpenVVC |language=en-US}} an incomplete open-source VVC decoder library licensed under LGPLv2.1{{Citation |title=OpenVVC/OpenVVC |date=2024-07-27 |url=https://github.com/OpenVVC/OpenVVC |access-date=2024-08-25 |publisher=OpenVVC}}
Players
- Spin Digital sells a real time decoder and player for Linux and Windows devices.{{cite web |url=https://spin-digital.com/products/spin-player-vvc/ |title=Spin Digital – 8K VVC Media Player (Spin Player VVC) |work=Spin Digital |language=en-US |access-date=2021-08-20}}
- Elmedia Player added support in July, 2023.{{Cite web |last=Rudd |first=Emilia |title=Elmedia Player for Mac Version History {{!}} KB |url=https://help.electronic.us/support/solutions/articles/44002280353-elmedia-player-from-the-electronic-team-website |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=Electronic Team, Inc |language=en}}
- MPC-HC (clsid2's fork) starting with version 2.2.0.{{Cite web |title=Release 2.2.0 · clsid2/mpc-hc |url=https://github.com/clsid2/mpc-hc/releases/tag/2.2.0 |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=GitHub |language=en}}
- MPC-BE starting with version 1.7.0.{{Cite web |title=Release MPC-BE 1.7.0 · Aleksoid1978/MPC-BE |url=https://github.com/Aleksoid1978/MPC-BE/releases/tag/1.7.0 |website=GitHub |language=en}}
- Zoom Player Steam Edition starting with version v19 beta 6 with the help of LAV Filters v0.79.{{Cite web |date=2024-04-12 |title=Steam :: Zoom Player Steam Edition :: Announcing Zoom Player v19 beta 6 |url=https://store.steampowered.com/news/app/269550/view/5849687862875040134 |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=store.steampowered.com |language=en}}
= Hardware =
= Broadcast =
The Brazilian SBTVD Forum will adopt the MPEG-I VVC codec in its forthcoming broadcast television system, TV 3.0, expected to launch in 2024. It will be used alongside MPEG-5 LCEVC as a video base layer encoder for broadcast and broadband delivery.{{cite web |url=https://www.digitalmediaworld.tv/broadcast/4118-brazilian-sbtvd-forum-selects-v-nova-lcevc-for-brazil-s-upcoming-tv-3-0|website=digitalmediaworld.tv|title=Brazilian SBTVD Forum Selects V-Nova LCEVC for Brazil's Upcoming TV 3.0|date=2022-01-13 }}
The European organization DVB Project, which governs digital television broadcasting standards, announced 24 February 2022 that VVC was now part of its tools for broadcasting.{{cite web |url=https://www.avcaesar.com/news/1781/dvb-adds-the-vvc-h266-codec-to-its-video-standards-for-8k|title=DVB adds the VVC (H.266) codec to its video standards, for 8K?|date=2022-02-24 }}
The DVB tuner specification used throughout Europe, Australia, and many other regions has been revised to support the VVC (H.266) video codec, the successor to HEVC.{{cite web |url=https://www.flatpanelshd.com/news.php?subaction=showfull&id=1646046959|title=Next-gen video codec VVC (H.266) added to DVB tuner specification|date=2022-02-28 }}
See also
Notes
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- {{cite journal |last1=HoangVan |first1=Xiem |last2=NguyenQuang |first2=Sang |last3=Pereira |first3=Fernando |title=Versatile Video Coding Based Quality Scalability With Joint Layer Reference |journal=IEEE Signal Processing Letters |date=2020-11-23 |volume=27 |pages=2079–2083 |doi=10.1109/LSP.2020.3039729 |bibcode=2020ISPL...27.2079H |s2cid=228091515 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214130110id_/https://eprints.uet.vnu.edu.vn/eprints/id/eprint/4200/1/Final_paper.pdf |archive-date=2021-12-14 |via=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |url=https://eprints.uet.vnu.edu.vn/eprints/id/eprint/4200/1/Final_paper.pdf |url-status=live}}
External links
- [https://jvet.hhi.fraunhofer.de/ VVC website at the Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute] with [https://vcgit.hhi.fraunhofer.de/jvet/VVCSoftware_VTM source code of: VTM] or VVdeC or VVenC
- [https://advanced-television.com/2018/02/01/stand-by-for-h-266-compression Stand by for ITU H.266 compression]
- [https://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards/mpeg-i/versatile-video-coding MPEG - Versatile Video Coding]
- [https://newsletter.fraunhofer.de/-viewonline2/17386/465/11/14SHcBTt/V44RELLZBp/1 Finalisation of VVC]
{{Compression formats}}
{{High-definition}}
{{MPEG}}
{{ITU standards}}
{{ISO standards}}