Vespa analis
{{Short description|Species of hornet}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Yellow-vented hornet
| image = Vespa Analis.jpg
| image_caption =
| taxon = Vespa analis
| authority = Fabricius, 1775
| synonyms =
- Vespa hekouensis {{small|Dong and Wang}}
- Vespa maguanensis {{small|Dong}}
}}
Vespa analis, the yellow-vented hornet, is a species of common hornet found in Southeast Asia.{{Cite web |title=Vespa analis Fabricius, 1798 |url=https://www.gbif.org/en/species/1310853 |access-date=2020-10-12 |website=www.gbif.org |publisher=GBIF |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Vespa analis (Yellow-vented hornet) |url=https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/7449 |access-date=2020-10-12 |website=www.uniprot.org |publisher=UniProt}}{{Cite journal |last1=Yoon |first1=Kyungjae Andrew |last2=Kim |first2=Kyungmun |last3=Nguyen |first3=Phuong |last4=Seo |first4=Jong Bok |last5=Park |first5=Young Han |last6=Kim |first6=Ki-Gyoung |last7=Seo |first7=Hong-yul |last8=Koh |first8=Young Ho |last9=Lee |first9=Si Hyeock |date=2015-12-01 |title=Comparative functional venomics of social hornets Vespa crabro and Vespa analis |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226861515301345 |access-date=2020-10-12 |journal=Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=815–823 |doi=10.1016/j.aspen.2015.10.005|bibcode=2015JAsPE..18..815Y }}
Taxonomy
This species has no recognised subspecies, and at least two described species are considered synonymous with it.{{cite journal |last1=Carpenter |first1=James M. |last2=Dvořák |first2=Libor |last3=Kojima |first3=Jun-Ichi |last4=Nguyen |first4=Lien T.P. |last5=Perrard |first5=Adrien |last6=Pickett |first6=Kurt M. |title=Taxonomic Notes on the Vespinae of Yunnan (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) |journal=American Museum Novitates |date=April 2011 |issue=3709 |pages=1–10 |doi=10.1206/3709.2 |s2cid=85626082 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/279602 }}
Description
This species varies in colours and patterns. In Southeast Asia, they are usually black with a yellow marking on the tip of the abdomen (the sixth segment). In Singapore, they are coloured slightly lighter, with red or brown heads and pronotums."Vespa analis" at http://www.vespa-bicolor.net/main/vespid/vespa-analis.htm accessed on 11 October 2020. Specimens from sub-tropical, mountainous or temperate areas have yellow heads. In areas where they occur with the Asian giant hornet, they tend to resemble it in colour and pattern.
Distribution
Behaviours
Vespa analis is a typical tree-dwelling hornet. Its nests are generally built from six to ten feet above ground, lower than those of Vespa affinis and Vespa velutina. The nest envelope is usually quite dark and sturdy, and has a coarsely imbricate pattern, with large, obvious overlapping circular sections. In temperate areas, the nest gets only very slightly oval, and the colony size is generally not very large. However, nests in the tropics reach substantial sizes. There is also the same variation seen in nests of Vespa affinis; nests in tropical regions are tapered from the top and get wider further down.
Their diet is relatively similar to other hornet species of Southeast Asia, catching butterflies, honeybees and dragonflies. However, unlike some hornet species in Southeast Asia, they do not scavenge on dead animals or food left behind by people.
This species is generally considered to be one of the least defensive species. However, in Japan, it is responsible for quite a number of attacks, due to its abundance and its fondness for building near human habitation.
Life cycle
References
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Sources
"Vespa analis" at http://www.vespa-bicolor.net/main/vespid/vespa-analis.htm accessed on 11 October 2020
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