Vianesa
{{Short description|Spanish breed of cattle}}
{{use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{use list-defined references|date=October 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox cattle breed
| name = Vianesa
| image = Vianesa (cropped).png
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Image from an information placard on the breed
| status = {{ubl|FAO (2007): endangered-maintained{{r|barb|page=107}}|DAD-IS (2023): at risk/endangered-maintained{{r|dad}}}}
| altname =
| country = Spain
| distribution = Galicia
| standard = [https://www.mapa.gob.es/es/ganaderia/temas/zootecnia/programacriavianesa_tcm30-553498.pdf Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación] (page 12, in Spanish)
| use = beef{{r|mapa3}}
| maleweight = 850 kg{{r|mapa4}}
| femaleweight = 560 kg{{r|mapa4}}
| maleheight = 138 cm{{r|mapa4}}
| femaleheight = 132 cm{{r|mapa4}}
| skincolour =
| coat = dark chestnut brown, variable{{r|mapa4}}
| horn = horned
| subspecies = taurus
| note =
}}
The {{lang|es|Vianesa|italic=no}} is a traditional Spanish breed of cattle originating in the autonomous community of Galicia in north-western Spain. It is named either for the municipality of Viana do Bolo in the province of Ourense in south-eastern Galicia, close to the border with northern Portugal, or for the comarca of Viana in which that municipality lies.{{r|mapa|guia|p=164}} With the Cachena, the {{ill|Caldelana|es}} or Caldelá, the {{ill|Frieiresa|es}} and the {{ill|Limiana|es}} or Limiá, it forms part of the grouping of dark brown cattle known as the Morena Galega or Morenas del Noroeste (roughly 'dark-browns of the north-west').{{r|cabi|p=251}}
It is an endangered breed: in 2023 it was listed in DAD-IS as 'at risk/endangered-maintained'.{{r|dad}} The population in 2022 was just under {{val|3000}} head in 56 farms, almost all in Galicia; about 80 cattle were at a farm in Castilla y León.{{r|mapa2}}
History
The Vianesa is a traditional breed of the autonomous community of Galicia in north-western Spain. It is named either for the municipality of Viana do Bolo in the province of Ourense in south-eastern Galicia, close to the border with northern Portugal, or for the comarca of Viana in which that municipality lies.{{r|mapa|guia|p=164}} With the Cachena, the {{ill|Caldelana|es}} or Caldelá, the {{ill|Frieiresa|es}} and the {{ill|Limiana|es}} or Limiá, it forms part of the grouping of dark brown cattle known as the Morena Galega or Morenas del Noroeste (roughly 'dark-browns of the north-west'), for which a conservation programme was launched by the Xunta de Galicia in 1990.{{r|cabi|p=251}}
In 2023 the conservation status of the breed was listed in DAD-IS as 'at risk/endangered-maintained'.{{r|dad}} The population in 2022 was just under {{val|3000}} head in 56 farms, almost all of them in Galicia; about 80 head were at a farm in Castilla y León.{{r|mapa2}}
Characteristics
The coat is dark brown in colour, and darker at the extremities; bulls are darker than cows. Some cattle have patches of different shades of brown; these are names for some of the patterns that these form. Heights at the withers average {{val|132|u=cm}} for cows and {{val|138|u=cm}} for bulls.{{r|cabi|p=251}} Average weights are variously given as {{val|560|u=kg}}{{r|dad}} or {{val|593|u=kg}} for cows{{r|cabi|p=251}} and {{val|850|u=kg}}{{r|dad}} or {{val|913|u=kg}} for bulls.{{r|cabi|p=251}}
Use
The cattle are reared for beef.{{r|mapa3}}
References
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{{Cattle breeds of Spain}}
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