Victoria's owl-clover
{{Short description|Species of plant}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Castilleja victoriae (Victoria's Paintbrush).jpg
| image_caption =
| status = G1
| status_system = TNC
| status2 = E
| status2_system = COSEWIC
| genus = Castilleja
| species = victoriae
| authority = Fairbarns & J.M.Egger
}}
Castilleja victoriae is a species of flowering plant in the broomrape family known by the common names Victoria's owl-clover and Victoria's paintbrush.{{Cite journal |last1=Fairbarns |first1=Matt |last2=Egger |first2=J. Mark |date=2007 |title=Castilleja Victoriae (orobanchaceae): A New Rare Species from Southeastern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, and the Adjacent San Juan Islands, Washington, U.s.a. |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41426369 |journal=Madroño |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=334–342 |doi=10.3120/0024-9637(2007)54[334:CVOANR]2.0.CO;2 |jstor=41426369 |issn=0024-9637}}{{cite web |title=Castilleja victoriae (Victoria's Paintbrush) |url=https://inaturalist.ca/taxa/160227-Castilleja-victoriae |website=iNaturalist Canada |access-date=2024-01-27 |language=en}}
Distribution and range
Castilleja victoriae is endemic to a small region of southeastern Vancouver Island in British Columbia (near its namesake city of Victoria) and a single site in the San Juan Islands of Washington State. There are four or less extant populations in existence.{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Public Services and Procurement Canada |date=2002-07-01 |title=COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Victoria's Owl-clover, Castilleja victoriae, in Canada .: CW69-14/610-2010E-PDF - Government of Canada Publications - Canada.ca |url=https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.567459/publication.html |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=publications.gc.ca}}File:Castilleja victoriae.jpg
Description
Stem leaves are alternate, lobed, and hairy, with no basal rosette. Upper leaves are deeply lobed, becoming purple-tipped floral bracts. Sepals form a five-lobed calyx, with petals forming two-lipped flowers measuring 10-18mm in length. Lower calyx lips are yellow with white tips, and upper lips are a creamy white. Fruits are brown capsules with two cells that split when ripe to reveal 30-70 seeds.{{Cite web |title=Species at risk registry |url=https://species-registry.canada.ca/index-en.html#/species/1084-749 |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=species-registry.canada.ca}}{{Cite web |title=E-Flora BC Atlas Page - Castilleja victoriae |url=https://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Castilleja+victoriae |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=linnet.geog.ubc.ca}}
Habitat
Castilleja victoriae is found exclusively in vernal pools and seeps associated with Garry oak ecosystems within 50 metres of the coast. Four of its historical occurrences have been extirpated since the turn of the last century due to habitat loss and degradation.{{Cite web |title=BC Conservation Data Centre: Conservation Status Report {{!}} Castilleja victoriae |url=https://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/esr.do?id=23344 |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=a100.gov.bc.ca}}