Vigintisexviri
{{Short description|College of minor magistrates of the Roman Republic}}
{{Italics title}}
{{Politics of the Roman Republic}}
The vigintisexviri ({{singular}} vigintisexvir; {{literally|twenty-six men}}) were a college (collegium) of minor magistrates (magistratus minores) in the Roman Republic. The college consisted of six boards:{{sfn|Purcell|2012}}
- the decemviri stlitibus judicandis – 10 magistrates who judged lawsuits, including those dealing with whether a man was free or a slave;{{sfn|Drummond|2012}}
- the tresviri capitales, also known as nocturni – three magistrates who had a police function in Rome, in charge of prisons and the execution of criminals;{{sfn|Oxford Classical Dictionary|1999|loc="police"}}
- the tresviri monetales or tresviri aere argento auro flando feriundo – three magistrates who were in charge of striking and casting bronze, silver and gold (minting coins);{{sfn|Melville-Jones|1990|loc="mint magistrates"}}
- the quattuorviri viis in urbe purgandis – four magistrates overseeing road maintenance within the city of Rome;
- the duoviri viis extra urbem purgandis – two magistrates overseeing road maintenance near Rome; and
- the four praefecti Capuam Cumas – praefecti sent to Capua and Cumae in Campania to administer justice there.{{sfn|Purcell|2012}}
Being a member of the vigintisexviri was a prerequisite to the quaestorship after the reforms of Sulla.{{sfn|Brennan|2012}} The label used for these magistrates may only have been introduced after Sullan times, but the first of the constituent boards may date back to the third century BC.{{sfn|Purcell|2012}}
The duoviri viis extra urbem purgandis and the four praefecti Capuam Cumas were abolished by Augustus {{circa|13 BC}}, reducing the vigintisexviri to the vigintiviri.{{sfn|Purcell|2012}} In AD 13, the senate restricted eligibility, ordaining that only equites should be eligible to the college of the then-vigintiviri.{{sfn|Smith|1875}} The remaining boards were not abolished entirely until at least the third century.{{sfn|Purcell|2012}}
References
= Citations =
{{Reflist|15em}}
= Sources =
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- {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Brennan |first=T Corey |year=2012 |title=cursus honorum |encyclopedia=The Oxford classical dictionary |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |editor-last1=Hornblower |editor-first1=Simon |edition=4th |page=400 |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1965 |isbn=978-0-19-954556-8 |oclc=959667246 |editor-last3=Eidinow |editor-first3=Esther |editor-first2=Antony |editor-last2=Spawforth |url=https://oxfordre.com/classics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.001.0001/acrefore-9780199381135-e-1965 }}
- {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Drummond |first=A |year=2012 |title=decemviri stlitibus iudicandis |encyclopedia=The Oxford classical dictionary |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |editor-last1=Hornblower |editor-first1=Simon |edition=4th |page=400 |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.2051 |isbn=978-0-19-954556-8 |oclc=959667246 |editor-last3=Eidinow |editor-first3=Esther |editor-first2=Antony |editor-last2=Spawforth |url=https://oxfordre.com/classics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.001.0001/acrefore-9780199381135-e-2051 }}
- {{Cite book |last=Melville-Jones |first=John R. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/25283897 |title=A dictionary of ancient Roman coins |date=1990 |publisher=Seaby |isbn=1-85264-026-X |location=London |oclc=25283897 }}
- {{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/34284310 |title=The Oxford classical dictionary |date=1996 |editor-first1=Simon |editor-last1=Hornblower |editor-first2=Antony |editor-last2=Spawforth |isbn=0-19-866172-X |edition=3rd |location=Oxford |oclc=34284310 |ref={{harvid|Oxford Classical Dictionary|1999}} }}
- {{Cite encyclopedia |last=Purcell |first=N |title=vigintisexviri, vigintiviri |encyclopedia=The Oxford classical dictionary |year=2012 |editor-first1=Simon |editor-last1=Hornblower |editor-first2=Antony |editor-last2=Spawforth |editor-first3=Esther |editor-last3=Eidinow |isbn=978-0-19-954556-8 |edition=4th |location=Oxford |oclc=959667246 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://oxfordre.com/classics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.001.0001/acrefore-9780199381135-e-6807 |page=1551 |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.6807 }}
- {{cite encyclopedia |chapter=vigintisexviri |title=A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities |year=1875 |editor-last=Smith |editor-first=William |page=983 |publisher=John Murray |location=London |chapter-url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Vigintisexviri.html}} {{Source-attribution}}
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{{Ancient Rome topics}}