Vika oxygen generator
{{Short description|Backup life support system on Mir and the ISS}}
Vika or TGK is an oxygen generating system for spaceflight.[https://appel.nasa.gov/2011/11/02/international-life-support/ International Life Support] - Kerry Ellis. Ask Magazine. APPEL Knowledge Services. It is a SFOG, or solid-fuel oxygen generator, a kind of chemical oxygen generator. It has been used on the retired Mir space station and the International Space Station. It was originally developed by Roscosmos to supplement the Elektron oxygen system on Mir. A Vika module, also known as a "candle", contains about one liter of lithium perchlorate and can provide oxygen for one person for 24 hours.
After being adopted for use on the ISS, it had the NASA name SFOG, but they also sometimes use the Russian acronym TGK.
Vika on Mir
File:Linenger in Respirator.jpg wearing a respirator mask following the 1997 fire aboard Mir from an SFOG fire|alt=A man holding a piece of hose floats in front of a selection of transient space station hardware. He is wearing a gray-and-yellow plastic mask over his mouth and nose, a pair of goggles above his eyes, and a blue jumpsuit with a name patch on it.]]
Vika was used on Mir when more than three people were on board.{{cite book |author=David M. Harland |title=The Story of the Space Shuttle |year=2004 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-1-85233-793-3 |page=270 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FUtZwjleT3kC&pg=PA270}} Vika needs a supply of canisters to work, which must be flown into space. An example of this is Progress M-34, which carried 60 canisters to Mir in 1997 along with other cargo. If Vika and Elektron stopped working, the station would have to rely on a limited supply of bottled oxygen.
{{Quote box|width=22em|The fire was a "raging blowtorch" .. |—Mir crewmember onboard during the fire}}
In February 1997 a Vika chemical oxygen generator failed on Mir in the Kvant-1 module. It caught fire and spewed a torch-like jet of a molten metal and sparks across one of the Mir space station modules, burning for around 14 minutes and blocking the escape route to the docked Soyuz spacecraft. The fire was eventually extinguished, and the crew was not harmed. A definitive cause of the accident was not determined because the fire destroyed the device. It was suspected that a torn piece of rubber glove worn during assembly likely contaminated the canister. Despite this incident, NASA decided it was still the best supplemental oxygen system available, and supported its use on the then-upcoming ISS. The US and Russia worked together to improve the safety of the system before using it on the new space station.
Vika on ISS
{{See also|ISS ECLSS}}
A backup to the temperamental{{citation needed|date=September 2023}} Elektron system used on both the ISS and Mir is the Vika solid-fuel oxygen generator (SFOG), which contains a replaceable cartridge – a thin-walled steel tube with a three-part block of oxygen-releasing mixture based on lithium perchlorate. Two parts are tablets of the chemical mixture and the third one is the igniter tablet with a flash igniter. The igniter is struck by a firing pin when the device is activated. One cartridge releases {{convert|600|L|USgal}} of oxygen and burns for 5–20 minutes at {{convert|450|-|500|C|F}}.[http://www.molecularproducts.com/products_detail.php?id=2 Oxygen Generators]. Products. Molecular Products.{{dead link|date=August 2023}} The oxygen is cooled and filtered to remove dust and odours, and released into the space station atmosphere.{{citation needed|date=December 2010}}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- :File:Environmental.pdf (this has a small picture of an SFOG on the bottom left)
- [https://llis.nasa.gov/lesson/1143 SFOG Lessons Learned]