Villa rustica

{{Short description|Countryside farmhouse or villa during the Roman era}}

File:Roman_Villa_Rustica_Model.jpg, Serbia.]]

Villa rustica ({{Translation|farmhouse or countryside villa}}) was the term used by the ancient RomansVarro, de Rustica I.11, 13Columella I.4 § 6 to denote a farmhouse or villa set in the countryside and with an agricultural section, which applies to the vast majority of Roman villas. In some cases they were at the centre of a large agricultural estate, sometimes called a latifundium. The adjective rustica was used only to distinguish it from a much rarer sub-urban resort villa, or otium villa built for purely leisure and luxury, and typically located in the Bay of Naples. The villa rustica would thus serve both as a residence of the landowner and his family (and servants) and also as a farm management centre. It would often comprise separate buildings to accommodate farm labourers and sheds and barns for animals and crops.Annalia Marzano: Roman villas in central Italy: a social and economic history. Brill 2007, {{ISBN|978-90-04-16037-8}} ({{Google books|hSUsb6Gf5KgC|restricted online copy|page=}})

Alfred Frazer: The Roman villa: villa urbana. UPenn Museum of Archaeology 1998, {{ISBN|978-0-924171-59-8}} ({{Google books|4nE1-5BYox4C|restricted online copy|page=}})

Alexander Gordon McKay: Houses, villas, and palaces in the Roman world . JHU Press 1998, {{ISBN|978-0-8018-5904-5}} ({{Google books|wFV7M698sYQC|restricted online copy|page=}})

John T. Smith: Roman Villas. A Study in Social Structure. Routledge, London, 1997. {{ISBN|0-415-16719-1}}

John Percival: The Roman Villa. A Historical Introduction. Batsford, London, 1988 (Paperback)

The villa rustica's design differed, but usually it consisted of two parts; the pars urbana (main house),Pliny, II.17 and the pars rustica (farm area).

List of villae rusticae

{{See also|List of Roman villas in Belgium|List of Roman sites in Spain}}

=Austria=

{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Altheim-Weirading)|de}}, Altheim, Austria

=Bosnia-Herzegovina=

Mogorjelo

===Bulgaria===

Villa Armira, Ivaylovgrad

=Italy=

File:Boscoreale Villa Rustica.jpg

Villa Boscoreale

File:Villa Volusii Saturnini 3.jpg

Villa dei Volusii, Fiano Romano

= Portugal =

Image:Vila Cardílio em Torres Novas.jpg]]

{{Interlanguage link|Boca do Rio|de}}
Castelo da Lousa
{{Interlanguage link|Villa of Fonte do Milho |de|3=Villa von Fonte do Milho}}
Roman Villa of Rabaçal
Roman ruins of Quinta da Abicada
Centum Cellas
Villa of Torre de Palma
Villa of Cerro da Vila
Roman ruins of Pisões
Roman ruins of São Cucufate
Roman Ruins of Milreu (Estoi)
Roman Villa of Sendim

=Turkey=

=United Kingdom=

{{See also|List of Roman villas in England|List of Roman villas in Wales}}

Image:Littlecote Roman Villa 1.JPG at Littlecote Roman Villa]]

File:Montmaurin-01.jpg

=France =

Villa Rustica, Coustaty
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica, Lussas-et-Nontronneau|fr|3=Villa gallo-romaine de Nontronneau}}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica, Montcaret|de|3=Villa Rustica (Montcaret)}}
Montmaurin
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica, Petit-Bersac|de|3=Villa Rustica (Petit-Bersac)}}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica, Pièce de Rance|de|3=Villa Rustica (Pièce de Rance)}}

=Germany=

File:Wurmlingen Badegebäude.jpg

File:Haselburg Haupthaus 6.jpg of the main building]]

File:Eschweiler, Propsteier Villa, Raum I.jpg

Baden-Württemberg

Villa Rustica, Baden-Baden-Haueneberstein, Roman settlement at WohlfahrtsbergDie Römer am Wolfartsberg. (Heimatblätter des Heimat- und Kulturvereines Haueneberstein e.V., Nr. 3). [http://www.haueneberstein.de/bookorder haueneberstein.de] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211232300/http://www.haueneberstein.de/bookorder |date=February 11, 2015 }}
Villa Rustica at Bondorf, Böblingen
{{Interlanguage link|Villa rustica at Büßlingen|de|3=Römischer Gutshof von Büßlingen}}, Konstanz
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Brombach)|de}}, Lörrach
Villa Rustica at Eigeltingen{{cite web|url=http://www.eigeltingia.de/index.html|title=Willkommen|website=www.eigeltingia.de}}
Villa Rustica at Gaggenau-Bad Rotenfels / OberweierGerhard Hoffmann: Spuren früher Zeiten – Funde und Fundstätten im Landkreis Rastatt. Eine Materialkunde zur Vor und Frühgeschichte. Bestandsaufnahme und Dokumentation. (Sonderveröffentlichungen des Kreisarchivs Rastatt, Band 5). Verlag Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher u. a. 2007, {{ISBN|978-3-89735-495-1}}. [http://www.landkreis-rastatt.de/servlet/PB/menu/2011132_l1/index.html (Abstract)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318053800/http://www.landkreis-rastatt.de/servlet/PB/menu/2011132_l1/index.html |date=March 18, 2015 }}
Villa urbana at Grenzach-Wyhlen (Museum Römervilla)
{{Interlanguage link|Villa rustica at Hechingen-Stein|de|3=Römisches Freilichtmuseum Hechingen-Stein}}, Zollernalbkreis
Villa urbana at Heitersheim
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Meßkirch)|de}}, Sigmaringen
Villa Rustica at Hirschberg[http://www.gastgeber-hessen.de/urlaub-16193-Villa%20Rustica%20*%20Baudenkmäler%20*%20Odenwald%20Bergstraße.htm gastgeber-hessen.de]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Inzigkofen)|de}}, Sigmaringen
Villa Rustica at Karlsruhe-Durlach[http://ka.stadtwiki.net/Villa_rustica_(Durlach) ka.stadtwiki.net]

Villa Rustica at Langenau{{cite web|url=http://www.archaeologie-bw.de/braasch/langenau.html|title=Langenau: villa rustica|last=W.M.Werner|website=www.archaeologie-bw.de}}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Laucherthal)|de}}, Sigmaringen
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Lauffen)|de}}, Heilbronn
Villa Rustica at Mühlacker{{cite web|url=http://www.muehlacker.de/stadt/villa_rustica/villa_rustica1.htm|title=Mühlacker: Römische Villa Rustica in Enzberg|first=Thomas|last=Geiges|website=www.muehlacker.de}}
Villa Rustica at Nagold{{cite web|url=http://www.nagold.de/ceasy/modules/cms/main.php5?cPageId=1566&view=publish&item=tripDestination&id=11|title=Stadt Nagold - Remigiuskirche|website=www.nagold.de|access-date=2015-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308185109/http://www.nagold.de/ceasy/modules/cms/main.php5?cpageid=1566&id=11&item=tripdestination&view=publish|archive-date=2016-03-08}}[http://www.naturparkschwarzwald.de/home/portalgemeinden/nagold/sehenswert naturparkschwarzwald.de] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228191516/http://www.naturparkschwarzwald.de/home/portalgemeinden/nagold/sehenswert |date=February 28, 2014 }}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Nürtingen)|de}}
Villa Rustica at Oberndorf-Bochingen{{cite web|url=http://www.archaeologie-bw.de/grabung/oberndf.html|title=Villa rustica von Oberndorf-Bochingen|last=W.M.Werner|website=www.archaeologie-bw.de}}{{cite web|url=http://www.denkmalpflege-bw.de/denkmale/projekte/archaeologische-denkmalpflege/dreidimensionale-rekonstruktion-roemischer-gebaeude-die-villa-rustica-von-oberndorf-bochingen.html|title=denkmalpflege-bw.de|access-date=2015-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918235430/http://www.denkmalpflege-bw.de/denkmale/projekte/archaeologische-denkmalpflege/dreidimensionale-rekonstruktion-roemischer-gebaeude-die-villa-rustica-von-oberndorf-bochingen.html|archive-date=2012-09-18}}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Rommelshausen)|de}}, Rems-Murr-Kreis
{{Interlanguage link|Römerbad (Weinsberg)|de}}, Heilbronn
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Wiesenbach/Baden)|de}}, Rhein-Neckar-Kreis
{{Interlanguage link|Römisches Bad (Wurmlingen)|de}}, Tuttlingen
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Zimmerhof)|de}}, Heilbronn
Villa Rustica Bietigheim-Weilerlen at Bietigheim-Bissingen, Ludwigsburg

Bavaria

{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Burgweinting)|de}}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa rustica (Denning)|de}}, Stadt München
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Friedberg)|de}}
Villa Rustica at Großberghofen, Dachau
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Holheim)|de}}, Donau-Ries
Villa Rustica at Hüssingen{{cite web|author=Informationszentrum Naturpark Altmühltal in Trägerschaft des Landkreises Eichstätt|title=Römischer Bauernhof|url=http://www.naturpark-altmuehltal.de/sehenswertes/roemischer_bauernhof-1774/ |access-date=2015-07-05}}
Villa Rustica Kohlhunden, Ostallgäu{{cite web|url=http://www.kaluwi.de/Kohlhunden.html|title=Kohlhunden.html|website=www.kaluwi.de}}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Leutstetten)|de}}, Stadt Starnberg
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Möckenlohe)|de}} (Naturpark Altmühltal){{cite web|url=http://www.roemervilla-moeckenlohe.de/|title=Römervilla Möckenlohe|first=Kurt|last=Scheuerer|website=www.roemervilla-moeckenlohe.de}}[http://www.altmuehltal.de/adelschlag/villa-rustica.htm altmuehltal.de] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221201840/http://www.altmuehltal.de/adelschlag/villa-rustica.htm |date=February 21, 2014 }}
Villa Rustica (Nassenfels), Eichstätt
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Niederndorf)|de}}, Freising
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Oberndorf)|de}}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Oberhaunstadt)|de}}, Ingolstadt
Villa Rustica (Peiting), Weilheim-Schongau{{cite web|website=Pfaffenwinkel |title=Villa Rustica Peiting|url=http://www.pfaffen-winkel.de/de/villa-rustica-peiting|access-date=2015-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924071946/http://www.pfaffen-winkel.de/de/villa-rustica-peiting|archive-date=2015-09-24}}{{cite web|author=Alpenland in Römerhand|title=Peiting|url=http://www.alpenrand-in-roemerhand.de/peiting.html |access-date=2015-06-02}}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Stadtbergen)|de}}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Zipfwang)|de}}, Oberallgäu

Hesse

Groß-Umstadt-Heubach, {{Interlanguage link|Wamboltsches Schlösschen|de}}
{{Interlanguage link|Haselburg Roman villa|de|3=Römische Villa Haselburg}}, Odenwald
Rodau, Zwingenberg, "Kleine Weide"{{cite web|url=http://www.morgenweb.de/region/bergstrasser-anzeiger/zwingenberg/kein-ackerbau-uber-der-villa-rustica-rodau-1.994233|title=Kein Ackerbau über der "Villa rustica" Rodau - Bergsträßer Anzeiger}}

Northrhine-Westphalia

{{Interlanguage link|Villa rustica (Blankenheim (Ahr))|de}}[http://www.roemervilla-blankenheim.de/info.htm roemervilla-blankenheim.de] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224172313/http://www.roemervilla-blankenheim.de/info.htm |date=February 24, 2015 }}
Villae Rusticae at Eschweiler, Aachen
{{Interlanguage link|Propsteier Villa|de}}, Eschweiler, Aachen
Villae Rusticae near Hambach surface mine, Düren
{{Interlanguage link|Villa rustica (Nettersheim-Roderath)|de}} at Sollig, Nettersheim-Roderath, Euskirchen

Rheinland-Palatine

File:Villa Rustica Ahrweiler Kleiner Raum östlich des Korridors.jpg

{{Interlanguage link|Villa rustica Weilberg|de}}, Bad Dürkheim-Ungstein
{{Interlanguage link|Römerhalle (Bad Kreuznach)|de}}, Bad Kreuznach
{{Interlanguage link|Roman Villa of Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler|de|3=Römervilla von Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler}}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa rustica (Bollendorf)|de}}, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Otrang|de}}, Fließem, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
Villa Rustica at Sarresdorf (Gerolstein){{cite web|url=http://www.roscheiderhof.de/kulturdb/client/einObjekt.php?id=12496|title=Grundriß einer römischen Villa Rustica, Sarresdorf, Gerolstein, Gerolstein - Datenbank der Kulturgüter in der Region Trier|website=www.roscheiderhof.de}}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Kempten bei Bingen)|de}}, Mainz-Bingen
Villa Rustica at Herschweiler-Pettersheim, Kusel{{cite web|url=http://kuseler-musikantenland.de/deutsch/kultur---freizeit/sehenswuerdigkeiten/kulturdenkmaeler/villa-rustica.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120711200239/http://kuseler-musikantenland.de/deutsch/kultur---freizeit/sehenswuerdigkeiten/kulturdenkmaeler/villa-rustica.html|archive-date=2012-07-11|title=Herzlich willkommen - Pfälzer Bergland|website=kuseler-musikantenland.de}}
{{Interlanguage link|Roman estate at Lösnich|de|3=Römischer Gutshof bei Lösnich}}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Urbana in Longuich|de}}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Mehring)|de}} (Mosel), Trier-Saarburg
{{Interlanguage link|Villa rustica (Wachenheim)|de}}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Weiler bei Bingen)|de}}, Mainz-Bingen
{{Interlanguage link|Villa rustica (Wasserliesch)|de}}, Trier-Saarburg

Saarland

=Serbia=

Village Gornja Bukovica.Valjevo, villa rustica IV century A.D.[http://ahl.petnica.rs/images/stories/dokumenti/ahl9505.pdf Rimski lokaliteti valjevskog kraja] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416081607/http://ahl.petnica.rs/images/stories/dokumenti/ahl9505.pdf |date=April 16, 2016 }}

=Switzerland=

Aargau

{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Bellikon)|de}}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Oberentfelden)|de}}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Oberlunkhofen)|de}}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa rustica (Zofingen)|de}}

Basel-Landschaft

{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Bennwil)|de}}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Munzach)|de}}

Genf

{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Bernex)|de}}

Jura

{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Vicques JU)|de}}

Solothurn

{{Interlanguage link|Villa rustica (Biberist-Spitalhof)|de}}

{{Interlanguage link|Villa rustica (Breitholz)|de}}

Waadt

{{Interlanguage link|Villa romaine du Prieuré|fr}}

Zürich

Irgenhausen Castrum (built on the remains of a former villa rustica)
Villa in Wetzikon - Kempten{{cite book|first1=Beat|last1=Horisberger|first2=Bettina|last2=Hedinger|first3=Florian|last3=Hoek|first4=Roger|last4=Büsser|title=Römisches Landleben im Zürcher Oberland - Die Römer in Wetzikon|language=de|year=2007|publisher=Verlag Huber |location=Frauenfeld, Stuttgart, Wien|isbn=978-3-7193-1441-5}}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Buchs)|de}}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Kloten)|de}}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Oberweningen)|de}}
{{Interlanguage link|Villa Rustica (Seeb)|de}}

References

External links

[http://www.villa-rustica.de Villa Rustica] - open-air museum at Hechingen (Germany)

Category:Architectural history