Villefranche-de-Conflent

Villefranche-de-Conflent is located in the canton of Les Pyrénées catalanes and in the arrondissement of Prades.

File:Map commune FR insee code 66223.png

The town's confined site, at about 440 m above sea level, is relatively level ground surrounded by

• the northeast-flowing river Têt (on the town's west and north),
• the Cady, which flows north to empty into the Têt (on the east), and
• a peak (at nearly 800 m), less than 800 m away (on the south).

;Roads

The N116 from Perpignan on the Mediterranean passes, as a two-lane highway, between the southern town wall and an embankment cut into the high ground to the south; this route continues west into the adjacent Cerdagne region.

;Train

The town's train station starts and ends the route of the scenic Yellow train.

The town's access to the French Cerdagne makes it an important strategic location. It was already occupied by Celtic tribes, and then by Romans, Visigoths, Muslim Moors, and then the Spanish. Fortifications around the town were built by the counts of Conflent at the end of the 9th century;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fzp3MWRNPFAC&pg=PA224 |pages=223–25 |title=Vauban and the French Military Under Louis XIV: An Illustrated History of Fortifications and Strategies |first=Jean-Denis G.G. |last=Lepage |publisher=McFarland |year=2009 |isbn=9780786456987}} in 1374, Villefranche resisted the siege of Jaume III the son of last king of Majorca.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} In the mid-1400s, when it was a Spanish possession, parts were adapted to allow for firearms. In July 1654, the French captured the city after eight days, and the troops of Louis XIV took Puigcerda from the Spaniards.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} When the territory was ceded to the French after the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), the town became an important French defense against possible Spanish incursions. The town was part of the program of construction and improvement of outlying French defenses, which included building the Fort Libéria on a hill above the village by Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, the military engineer of Louis XIV, and as such was listed as a World Heritage Site in 2008.{{cite web |url = https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1283 |title = Fortifications of Vauban |website = UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher = United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization |access-date = 14 November 2021}}

The defensive walls of the town remain.

{{wide image|Villafranca Conflent.jpg|600px|Villefranche-de-Conflent, viewed from the north}}

{{Historical populations

| align = none

| cols = 1

| percentages = pagr

| source = INSEE[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-66223#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE

| graph-pos = right

|1968 | 507

|1975 | 435

|1982 | 294

|1990 | 261

|1999 | 225

|2007 | 235

|2012 | 229

|2017 | 213

}}

• Communes of the Pyrénées-Orientales department
• Les Plus Beaux Villages de France

{{Reflist}}

• Ayats, Alain, "Les fortifications de Vauban", Trabucaire, 2005, {{ISBN|2-84974-026-8}}

{{Commons category|Villefranche-de-Conflent}}

• [http://www.fortified-places.com/villefranche.html Webpage about the fortifications]
• [http://www.fortified-places.com/liberia.html Webpage about Fort Liberia near Villefranche]

{{Pyrénées-Orientales communes}}

{{Fortifications of Vauban UNESCO World Heritage Sites}}

{{Visitor attractions in Pyrénées-Orientales}}

{{Les Plus Beaux Villages de France}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Villefranchedeconflent}}

Category:Communes of Pyrénées-Orientales

Category:Plus Beaux Villages de France

Category:Vauban fortifications in France

{{PyrénéesOrientales-geo-stub}}