Villers-Cotterêts

It is located {{convert|80|km|mi|abbr=on}} NE of Paris via the RN2 facing Laon. Its nickname Petite villa sur la côte de Retz means Little villa by the coast of Retz, as the town is situated next to the Forest of Retz, which covers {{convert|130|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} of land.

Villers-Cotterêts is famous in French law because of the Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts of 1539 signed by king Francis I of France ('François Ier'), which made French the official language in the kingdom instead of regional languages like Occitan or the elite European lingua franca of the time, Latin.

In 1914, the British Expeditionary Force fought a rearguard action here during the Retreat from Mons. On 1 September, the British 4th (Guards) Brigade who were covering the withdrawal of 2nd Division, came into contact with the leading units of the German III Corps on the edge of woodland near Villers-Cotterêts. The brigade lost more than 300 men in the encounter, but were able to break away and continue the withdrawal.Mons 1914: the BEF's Tactical Triumph by David Lomas and Ed Dovey, Osprey Publishing, 1997 p.85 Many are buried at Guards' Grave, a military cemetery maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.{{cite web|url=http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/63901/GUARDS%20GRAVE,%20VILLERS%20COTTERETS%20FOREST|title=CWGC - Cemetery Details|publisher=Commonwealth War Graves Commission|access-date=16 June 2012}} An ancillary hospital to that of Royaumont was set up in the town and a silent documentary about it was made.{{Cite web|title=Scottish Women's Hospitals: A field hospital on the front line during the First World War|url=https://scotlandonscreen.org.uk/browse-films/007-000-000-019-c|access-date=7 January 2022|website=Scotland on Screen}}{{Cite journal|last=Cornelis|first=Marlene|title=The Scottish Women's Hospitals: the first World War and the careers of early medical women|journal=Medicine, Conflict and Survival|year=2020 |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=174–194 |doi=10.1080/13623699.2020.1748320 |pmid=32249598 |s2cid=214811345 |doi-access=free}}

La Plaine Saint-Rémy, Pisseleux, was an ancient commune that was merged with Villers-Cotterêts in 1971.

The inhabitants are called Cottevreziens in French.

{{Historical populations

|align = none

|cols = 2

|percentages = pagr

|source = EHESS{{Cassini-Ehess|40462|Villers-Cotterêts}} and INSEE (1968-2017)[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-02810#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE

|graph-pos = bottom

|1793 |2400

|1800 |2327

|1806 |2273

|1821 |2543

|1831 |2688

|1836 |2692

|1841 |3481

|1846 |3465

|1851 |3602

|1856 |2609

|1861 |2764

|1866 |3396

|1872 |3119

|1876 |3206

|1881 |3811

|1886 |3790

|1891 |4582

|1896 |4772

|1901 |4981

|1906 |5381

|1911 |5654

|1921 |4208

|1926 |4610

|1931 |4612

|1936 |5070

|1946 |3607

|1954 |3917

|1962 |5489

|1968 |6313

|1975 |8949

|1982 |8380

|1990 |8867

|1999 |9839

|2007 |10090

|2012 |10669

|2017 |10872

}}

• Charles Baur (1929–2015), Mayor of Villers-Cotterêts (1953–1989), President of the Regional Council of Picardy (1976–1978, 1985–2004){{cite news|first=Jennifer |last=Alberts |title=Charles Baur, emblématique président du Conseil Régional de Picardie, est décédé |url=http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/picardie/2015/01/05/charles-baur-emblematique-president-du-conseil-regional-de-picardie-est-decede-624862.html |work=France 3 |date=2015-01-05 |access-date=2015-01-29}}

The town was the start of Stage 4 in the 2007 Tour de France.

The original château was built around 950 AD and was burnt to the ground twice before being rebuilt out of stone in the early 12th century. The front entrance is the only original remaining structure, which is listed with the Historic Monument Registry at the École des Beaux Arts. Francis I purchased the château from the de Noüe family to house his mistress Anne de Pisseleu d'Heilly. The {{Interlanguage link|Château de Noüe|fr}} was updated with 18th-century régence decoration by Gilles-Marie Oppenordt. The current owner is the Pépinières du Valois, an agricultural venture.

In 1902 the city opened a Museum Alexandre Dumas to gather souvenirs about the family. In 1952 the museum moved to a local 19th century mansion that served as General Maunoury's headquarters during the First World War. It has three rooms, each of them dedicated to one of the family members,[https://www.mairie-villerscotterets.fr/Page/Musee-Alexandre-Dumas Page du musée sur le site internet de la mairie] being the general Thomas-Alexandre Dumas, his son novelist Alexandre Dumas père and grandson novelist/playwright Alexandre Dumas fils.

{{Portal|France}}

• Communes of the Aisne department

File:Villers-Cotterêts - Château de Noüe - 2.jpg|The 16th century {{Interlanguage link|Château de Noüe|fr}}

File:Villers-Cotterêts - Château François Ier - Staircase - 1.jpg|One of the very decorated staircases of the castle where King Francis I signed the Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts.

File:2012--DSC 0208-Hôtel-de-Ville-de-Villers-Cotterêts.jpg|Villers-Cotterêts town hall

{{reflist}}

{{Commons category|Villers-Cotterêts}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20041226172147/http://tourisme.cc-villers-cotterets.fr/ Tourist office website] (in French)
• [http://cfranquelin.free.fr/shrvc/ Historic society of Villers-Cotterêts] (in French)
• The Catholic Encyclopedia entry on [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11261a.htm Gilles-Marie Oppenordt]

{{Aisne communes}}

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Category:Communes of Aisne

Category:Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia