Virginia-class cruiser

File:USS Virginia (CGN-38) elevated starboard view.jpg

File:CGN-42 artist impression.jpg

The ships were derived from the earlier California-class nuclear cruiser (CGN-36 class). Three of the four Virginia-class ships were authorized as guided-missile frigates (in the pre-1975 definition); they were redesignated as cruisers before commissioning or launching. The last ship, Arkansas, was authorized, laid down, launched, and commissioned as a guided-missile cruiser. A fifth member of the class, CGN-42, was canceled before being named or laid down.{{Cite web |title=CGN-42 AEGIS Modified Virginia |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/cgn-42.htm |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=www.globalsecurity.org}}

With their nuclear power plants and the resulting capability of steaming at high speeds for long periods, these ships were excellent escorts for the fast nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, such as the {{sclass|Nimitz|aircraft carrier|4}}. They also had superb flagship facilities. Their primary mission was as air-defense ships, while they also had capabilities as anti-submarine warfare (ASW) ships, surface-to-surface warfare (SSW) ships, and in gun and missile bombardment of shore targets.

The Virginia class, as designed, carried one LAMPS helicopter aft of the superstructure with a flight deck. In a unique arrangement in the U.S. Navy, the hangars were below deck,{{Cite web |title=Virginia class guided missile cruiser DLGN CGN 38 US Navy |url=https://www.seaforces.org/usnships/cgn/Virginia-class.htm |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=www.seaforces.org}} with an electro-mechanical elevator covered by a telescopic hatch. This improved over the preceding California class, which only had a landing pad aft and basic refueling equipment.{{Cite web |last=D-Mitch |title=WARSHIPS OF THE PAST: Virginia class nuclear-powered cruisers of the United States Navy |url=https://www.navalanalyses.com/2015/06/warships-of-past-vriginia-class-nuclear.html |access-date=2022-12-23}}

File:USS Arkansas (CGN-41) shock trials.jpg

It was found that, while it was possible to mass-produce nuclear-powered warships, the ships were less cost-efficient than conventionally powered warships. Also, the new gas turbine-powered ships then entering the fleet—the {{sclass|Spruance|destroyer}}s—required much less manpower. While eleven ships of the Virginia class were planned, only four were produced, and the remainder were canceled. Following the completion of the final member of the class, Arkansas, the U.S. Navy continued conventional destroyer/cruiser production, and it redesignated the DDG-47 class of guided-missile destroyers as the CG-47 {{sclass|Ticonderoga|cruiser|1}}s.

File:Virginia-class-cruiser in task-group.jpg

In the 1980s, the class received a New Threat Upgrade electronics overhaul to better suit them to modern threats. Their rapid-fire Mk 26 launchers could fire the powerful Standard SM-2MR medium-range surface-to-air missile—earlier decommissioned cruisers used the slower-firing Mk 10 launchers, which required manual fitting of the missiles' fins prior to launch.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

Nevertheless, the CGN-38-class cruisers, with their missile magazines and Mk 26 missile launchers, were incapable of carrying the SM-2ER long-range surface-to-air missile; they were restricted to the SM-2MR medium-range surface-to-air missile. This was a significant limitation in their capabilities.

Each member of the class also received Tomahawk cruise missile armored box launchers. The Tomahawk missiles were installed, even though this meant the removal of the LAMPS helicopter as it was found that the elevator and below-deck hangar proved problematic during aviation operations.{{Cite web |title=CGN-38 Virginia Class |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/cgn-38.htm |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=www.globalsecurity.org}}

File:USS Virginia (CGN-38) in dry dock for nuclear core removal.jpg; the ship's superstructure has been removed and replaced by containment vessels to allow the safe removal of her nuclear reactors]]

All four vessels were decommissioned as part of the early 1990s "peace dividend" after the Cold War ended, considered by naval standards an early retirement given their designed service life of 38 years. Despite being of a modern design with a recent refit, what doomed the Virginia nuclear-powered cruisers was a lack of resources, as the Navy and other branches of the U.S. military faced major budget cutbacks after the Cold War. The ships of the class were coming due for their first nuclear refuelings, mid-life overhauls, and NTU refittings, which were all budgeted projects, together costing about half the price of a new ship. Further, they required relatively large crews, straining the operating budget. The 1996 Navy Visibility and Management of Operating and Support Costs (VAMOSC) study determined the annual operating cost of a Virginia-class cruiser at $40 million, compared to $28 million for a Ticonderoga-class cruiser, or $20 million for an {{sclass|Arleigh Burke|destroyer|1}}, the latter two classes designed with the much more capable Aegis Combat System.[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/cg-47-specs.htm CG-47 Ticonderoga-class] Given a lower requirement for cruisers, it was decided to retire the Virginia class and other nuclear-powered ships as a money-saving measure, a decision made while Texas was in the middle of her refueling overhaul. The early Ticonderoga-class cruisers, which lacked the Vertical Launch System, had equally short careers, serving between 18 and 21 years.{{Naval Vessel Register URL|id=CG51|title=CG-51}} - 18 years. {{Naval Vessel Register URL|id=CG47|title=CG-47}} - 21 years.

• List of cruisers of the United States Navy
• List of United States Navy destroyer leaders
• Nuclear powered cruisers of the United States Navy

{{reflist}}

• This entry includes information from the [news:sci.military.naval sci.military.naval] newsgroup FAQ{{Unreliable source?|date=February 2008}}

{{commons category|Virginia class cruisers}}

• [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/cgn-38.htm Globalsecurity.org Virginia class]
• [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/cgn-42.htm Plans for an Aegis modified Virginia class]

{{Virginia class cruiser}}

{{US Navy nuclear cruisers}}

Category:Cruiser classes