Viscacha

{{Short description|Group of rodents}}

{{Paraphyletic group

| name = Viscacha

| image = Vizcacha in the Atacama.jpg

| image_alt = A southern viscacha in the Atacama Desert, Chile

| image_caption = A southern viscacha in the Atacama Desert, Chile

| auto = yes

| parent = Chinchillidae

| includes = *Lagidium Meyen, 1833

• Lagostomus Brookes, 1828

| excludes = *{{Extinct}}Eoviscaccia

• Chinchilla Bennett, 1829
• {{Extinct}}Pliolagostomus
• {{Extinct}}Prolagostomus

}}

Viscacha or vizcacha ({{IPAc-en|UK|v|ɪ|ˈ|s|k|æ|tʃ|ə}}, {{IPAc-en|US|v|ɪ|ˈ|s|k|ɑː|tʃ|ə}}) are rodents of two genera (Lagidium and Lagostomus) in the family Chinchillidae. They are native to South America and convergently resemble rabbits.{{cite web|last1=Nosowitz|first1=Dan|title=Mystery Animal Contest: Who Is This Fuzzy Sniffler?|url=https://www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-04/mystery-animal-contest-who-fuzzy-sniffler|website=Popsci|date=18 April 2013 |publisher=Popular Science|access-date=15 April 2018|language=en}}

The five extant species of viscacha are:

• The Plains viscacha (Lagostomus maximus), a resident of the Pampas of Argentina, is easily differentiated from other viscachas by black and gray mustache-like facial markings. This species lives colonially in warrens of 10 to over 100. It is very vocal and emits alarm calls. The plains viscacha can strip grassland used to graze livestock; this has caused ranchers to consider the rodent a pest species.
• Lagidium ahuacaense is a newly described species of mountain viscacha from the Ecuadorian Andes.{{ cite journal |last1=Ledesma |first1=K. J. |last2=Werner |first2=F. A. |last3=Spotorno |first3=A. E. |last4=Albuja |first4=L. H. | title = A new species of Mountain Viscacha (Chinchillidae: Lagidium Meyen) from the Ecuadorian Andes | journal = Zootaxa | year = 2009 | volume = 2126 | pages = 41–57 | url = http://bibdigital.epn.edu.ec/bitstream/15000/3751/1/Copia%20de%20EcuadoreanViscacha.pdf |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.2126.1.2 }}
• The northern viscacha (Lagidium peruanum) is native to the Peruvian Andes at elevations between the tree line and the snow line. It is dorsally gray or brown in color, with a bushy tail and long, furry ears. This species lives in large colonies separated into individual family units, like an apartment complex. It eats a wide range of plant matter, settling for almost anything it can find growing in the harsh, rocky environment.{{ cite journal |last1=Werner |first1=F. A. |last2=Ledesma |first2=K. J. R. |last3=Hidalgo |first3=B. | title = Mountain vizcacha (Lagidium cf. peruanum) in Ecuador - First record of Chinchillidae from the Northern Andes | journal = Mastozoología Neotropical | year = 2006 | volume = 13 | issue = 2 | pages = 271–274 | url = http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/mznt/v13n2/v13n2a13.pdf }}
• The southern viscacha (Lagidium viscacia), also called mountain viscacha, is similar to the northern viscacha, but its pelage is more red in color. It lives in similar habitat in the Andes.
• Wolffsohn's viscacha (Lagidium wolffsohni) is rarer than the other four species. It occurs in southwestern Argentina and adjacent Chile.{{citation |author=Gladys I. Galende & Rocío Vega|date=2020 |title=Summer diet selection of a rock specialist: the Wolffsohn´s viscacha (Lagidium wolffsohni) in protected natural area of Pinturas River, Cueva de las Manos, Patagonia, Argentina|journal= Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment|volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=135–145 |doi=10.1080/01650521.2020.1763763}}{{citation |author=Galetto, Emanuel|date=2020 |title=Chinchillón Anaranjado: El Centinela Del Cañadón}}

File:Bolivian vizcacha.jpg|A southern viscacha in the Sur Lipez desert, Bolivia

File:ViscachaSalarDeUyuni 20170503.jpg|Viscacha near Salar De Uyuni, 2017

File:Viscacha in the morning sun.jpg|A viscacha warms itself in the morning sun in the Andes mountains in Chile.