Vital Kamerhe
{{Short description|Congolese politician (born 1959)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Vital Kamerhe
| image = Kamerhe.png
| caption = Kamerhe in 2010
| office = President of the National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
| predecessor = Christophe Mboso
| successor =
| term_start = May 24, 2024
| term_end =
| predecessor1 = Thomas Luhaka
| successor1 = Evariste Boshab
| term_start1 = December 29, 2006
| term_end1 = March 26, 2009
| office2 = Member of the National Assembly
from Bukavu
| term_start2 = February 12, 2024
| term_end2 =
| term_start3 = December 29, 2006
| term_end3 = March 26, 2009
| office4 = Vice Prime Minister, Minister of Economy
| term_start4 = March 23, 2023
| term_end4 =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1959|3|4}}
| birth_place = Bukavu, Belgian Congo
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = Union for the Congolese Nation
| residence = Democratic Republic of Congo
| website = http://www.vital-kamerhe.com/
| footnotes =
| spouse = Amida Shatur
| honorific_prefix = His Excellency
}}
Vital Kamerhe Lwa Kanyiginyi Nkingi (born 4 March 1959) is a Congolese economist and politician, currently serving as Deputy Prime Minister of Economy and the leader of the Union for the Congolese Nation (UNC) party. He served as the President of the National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 2006 to 2009. After resigning from that office, he went into the opposition and founded the UNC. He ran in the 2011 presidential election. He supported Félix Tshisekedi as a coalition partner in the 2018 presidential election, and became chief of staff when Tshisekedi took office.{{cite news | url=https://www.africanews.com/2019/01/29/drc-president-tshisekedi-names-coalition-ally-as-chief-of-staff// | title=DRC president Tshisekedi names coalition ally as Chief of Staff | first=Abdur Rahman | last=Alfa Shaban | date=29 January 2019 | work=Africanews | access-date=28 November 2023}}
In 2020, Kamerhe was charged with and convicted of the embezzlement of US$50 million. The Congo Research Group described his arrest as unprecedented in recent DRC history.{{cite news | url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200511-top-dr-congo-presidential-aide-kamerhe-goes-on-trial-for-corruption | title=Top DR Congo presidential aide Kamerhe goes on trial for corruption | date=11 May 2020 | work=France 24}}{{cite web | url=https://www.congoresearchgroup.org/fr/2020/05/07/note-danalyse-affaire-kamerhe-opacite-quand-tu-nous-tiens/ | title=Note d'analyse – Affaire Kamerhe : opacité, quand tu nous tiens | date=7 May 2020 | website=Congo Research Group | language=fr}} Kamerhe was temporarily replaced as chief of staff when his trial began,{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-congo-politics-idUSKBN22O34R/ | title=Congo president replaces chief of staff amid graft trial | date=12 May 2020 | work=Reuters}} and permanently replaced half a year after he was convicted.{{cite news | url=https://newscentral.africa/dr-congo-replaces-jailed-chief-of-staff-with-guylain-nyembo/ | title=DR Congo Replaces Jailed Chief of Staff with Guylain Nyembo | first=Olorunwa | last=Lawal | date=26 January 2021 | work=News Central TV}} Kamerhe appealed his conviction, and a second appeal led to his acquittal in 2022. In 2023, he rejoined the government as Félix Tshisekedi's deputy prime minister in charge of the economy.
Biography
=Early life and education=
Born in Bukavu, Sud-Kivu, on March 4, 1959, Vital Kamerhe Lwa Kanyiginyi Nkingi is the son of Constantin Kamerhe Kanyginyi and Alphonsine Mwa Nkingi. Originally from the Shi community of the Walungu territory, he is married and father of 9 children.
He began his primary school in Bukavu and then in Goma. He then continued in the Kasai-Oriental, in Gandajika, where he finishes his primary school.
School years 1975-1976 and 1976–1977, he attended the [http://www.jesuitesace.org/v2/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=57 Institut Sadisana] (former College St. Francois-Xavier) in Kikwit Sacré-Coeur, Bandundu province. He then moved to Kananga (Kasai-Occidental Province) and finally, after one year, to Mbuji-Mayi where he obtained his State degree in 1980 (Institut Mulemba). This experience led him to learn all four national languages of Congo namely Kikongo, Lingala, Kiswahili and Tshiluba. He also speaks fluent French.
From there he completed his studies at the University of Kinshasa, where he received his degree in Economics in 1987 with distinction. There he stayed as teaching assistant.
Political career
=Under Mobutu=
Kamerhe started his political career in 1984 with the Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS). During the democratic transition under Mobutu Sese Seko, he was a member of the Rassemblement des forces Sociales et Federalistes (RSF) of :fr:Vincent de Paul Lunda Bululu, and he was president of the youth wing of the Sacred Union of the Radical Opposition and Allies (French: Jeunesse de l'Union Sacrée de l'opposition Radicale et Alliés; JUSORAL).{{cite report | title=Congo: The Electoral Dilemma | publisher=International Crisis Group | id=Africa Report N° 175 | date=5 May 2011 | url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/central-africa/democratic-republic-congo/congo-electoral-dilemma}} Between 1993 and 1995, he worked in several public functions.
- 1993: Director of the Cabinet of the Ministry of the Environment, Tourism and Directeur de Cabinet au Ministère de l’Environnement, Tourisme et Conservation de la Nature
- 1994: Coordinator of the Prime Minister's Cabinet
- 1994–1995: Director of the Cabinet for the Minister of Higher Education and University, :fr:Mushobekwa Kalimba wa Katana; member of Lunda Bululu's RSF
=Under Laurent Kabila=
{{citation needed span|Under Laurent Kabila, Kamerhe became the deputy chief of staff of Etienne-Richard Mbaya, the minister of reconstruction|date=November 2023}}. He then held the following positions.
- {{citation needed span|1997–1998: Director of the Service National (a quasi-military service set up by Laurent Kabila)|date=November 2023}}
- {{citation needed span|1998: Finance Counselor at the Ministère de la Défense Nationale et Anciens Combattants, with the general Denis Kalume|date=November 2023}}
- From 2000: Deputy commissioner-general at the General Commission for MONUC affairs.
==Role in the peace process of the Great Lakes region==
{{citation needed span|A founding member of the PPRD party in 2002, Vital Kamerhe was one of the leading figures in the peace process in the Democratic Republic of Congo, he was even nicknamed "the Peacemaker" (French: "le Pacificateur").|date=November 2023}} As Commissioner General of the Government responsible for monitoring the peace process in the Great Lakes region he was one of the principal negotiators of the 2002 peace deal.{{failed verification|date=November 2023}}
==Role in the 2006 election campaign==
On 1 July 2004, he began leading the PPRD and directing Joseph Kabila's 2006 campaign for president. {{citation needed span|He was elected as parliamentarian in Bukavu with one of the highest scores in the country.|date=November 2023}} He was elected deputy for South Kivu in the National Assembly in 2006, and he served as president of the National Assembly until 26 March 2009.
=As President of the National Assembly=
In 2009, as President of the National Assembly, he questioned Kabila and his own party over the Umoja Wetu operations that allowed several thousand Rwandan troops to deploy into the Congo without informing the parliament. On January 21, 2009, he released a statement to Radio Okapi expressing his disappointment for the joint military operations between the Congolese and Rwandan army in the Kivu, conducted without informing the National Assembly and the Senate and thus violating the article 213 of the constitution.
On March 25, 2009, he delivered a speech resigning as President of the National Assembly. On 14 December 2010, Kamerhe officially quit the PPRD, announcing his candidacy for the 2011 presidential election and the creation of his new party, the UNC. The UNC had its official inauguration in February 2011, and Kamerhe got 7.74% of the vote in the 2011 presidential election under its name.
On April 23, 2024, Vital Kamerhe was chosen as the “Sacred Union” candidate for president of the Assembly. On May 22, Vital Kamerhe was elected president of the National Assembly.{{cite news | url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20240522-rdc-vital-kamerhe-%C3%A9lu-sans-surprise-pr%C3%A9sident-de-l-assembl%C3%A9e-nationale | title= Afrique RDC: Vital Kamerhe élu sans surprise président de l'Assemblée nationale | first= | last= | date=22 May 2024 | work=Radio France International}}
=Under Félix Tshisekedi=
==Role in the 2018 election campaign==
In the 2018 presidential election, Kamerhe supported the candidacy of UDPS leader Félix Tshisekedi. The UDPS allied with the UNC to form the Heading for Change coalition, and Tshisekedi agreed that if he won, he would make Kamerhe his prime minister. After the elections, Tshisekedi did become president, but the composition of parliament made it politically infeasible for him to name Kamerhe as prime minister. He instead made Kamerhe his chief of staff—one of the first senior positions he filled upon taking office.{{Cite news|last=Kamale |first=Jean-Yves |date=20 June 2020 |title=Congo president's chief of staff guilty in corruption trial |newspaper=The Daily Herald |location=Provo, Utah |url=https://www.heraldextra.com/news/world/congo-presidents-chief-of-staff-guilty-in-corruption-trial/article_e357b465-0600-5420-a18f-ded25626a332.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621172823/https://www.heraldextra.com/news/world/congo-presidents-chief-of-staff-guilty-in-corruption-trial/article_e357b465-0600-5420-a18f-ded25626a332.html |archive-date=21 June 2020 |url-status=live }}
==Corruption trial==
On 8 April 2020, Kamerhe was arrested and detained in Makala Central Prison, facing charges of having embezzled up to $57 million from an infrastructure project.{{Cite news|last=Tasamba |first=James |date=12 April 2020 |title=DR Congo court remands president's chief of staff |agency=Anadolu Agency |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/dr-congo-court-remands-presidents-chief-of-staff/1801442 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621181252/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/dr-congo-court-remands-presidents-chief-of-staff/1801442 |archive-date=21 June 2020 |url-status=live }} Commenting on his arrest, the Congo Research Group wrote: "Never in Congo's political history over the past two decades has such an important player on the political scene been put behind bars." On 20 June 2020, Kamerhe was found guilty of aggravated corruption, money laundering, and embezzling $48 million.{{Cite news|title=DR Congo court gives 20-year sentence to president's chief of staff Kamerhe for graft |date=20 June 2020 |publisher=France24 |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200620-dr-congo-court-gives-20-year-sentence-to-president-s-chief-of-staff-kamerhe-for-graft |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621170851/https://www.france24.com/en/20200620-dr-congo-court-gives-20-year-sentence-to-president-s-chief-of-staff-kamerhe-for-graft |archive-date=21 June 2020 |url-status=live }} He was sentenced to twenty years of forced labour and ten years of ineligibility to vote or hold public office.{{cite news | url=https://www.africanews.com/2020/08/08/vital-kamerhe-appeal-hearing-against-corruption-charges-postponed-again// | title=Vital Kamerhe appeal hearing against corruption charges postponed again | first=John Paul | last=Ging | date=8 August 2020 | work=Africanews}}{{cite news | url=https://www.africanews.com/2020/06/20/anti-corruption-trial-in-drc-kamerhe-sentenced-to-20-years-hard-labour/ | title=DR Congo president's ex-chief of staff jailed 20 years for corruption | first=Abdur Rahman | last=Alfa Shaban | date=21 June 2020 | work=Africanews}} One of his co-defendants, the Lebanese businessman Samih Jammal, was sentenced to twenty years of forced labour, to be followed by expulsion from the DRC. Another co-defendant, Jeannot Muhima Ndoole, was sentenced to two years of forced labour. The court also ordered the confiscation from the defendants' relatives of goods that it found to be proceeds of the defendants' crimes, noting that "the things produced by the offense can always be confiscated, regardless of the owner."{{Cite news|title=DRC's Vital Kamerhe Loses Fraud Case |newspaper=Taarifa |location=Rwanda |date=20 June 2020 |url=https://taarifa.rw/drcs-vital-kamerhe-loses-fraud-case/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621175137/https://taarifa.rw/drcs-vital-kamerhe-loses-fraud-case/ |archive-date=21 June 2020 |url-status=live }}
Kamerhe appealed his conviction. Aimé Boji, the secretary general of the UNC and Kamerhe's brother-in-law,{{cite news | url=https://www.theafricareport.com/17049/drc-whos-who-in-the-new-ministerial-crew/ | title=DRC: Who's who in the new ministerial crew | first1=Romain | last1=Gras | first2=Stanis | last2=Bujakera Tshiamala | date=9 September 2019 | work=The Africa Report}} expressed confidence that Kamerhe's prosecution had been politically motivated. On 18 June 2021, in its first appeal decision, the Kinshasa/Gombe Court of Appeals upheld Kamerhe, Jammal, and Ndoole's convictions but reduced their sentences.{{cite news | url=https://www.theafricareport.com/99354/drc-kamerhe-loses-his-appeal-and-his-party-threatens-to-drop-its-alliance-with-tshisekedi/ | title=DRC: Kamerhe loses his appeal and his party threatens to drop its alliance with Tshisekedi | first=Stanis | last=Bujakera Tshiamala | date=18 June 2021 | work=The Africa Report}} Kamerhe was conditionally released from prison in December 2021, on the grounds that his health had deteriorated and he needed medical care outside of prison while awaiting a second appeal.{{cite news |title=DRC: Under what conditions has Vital Kamerhe been released? |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/154150/drc-under-what-conditions-has-vital-kamerhe-been-released/ |work=The Africa Report |date=7 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627103820/https://www.theafricareport.com/154150/drc-under-what-conditions-has-vital-kamerhe-been-released/ |archive-date=27 June 2022}} On 23 June 2022, in its second appeal decision, the Kinshasa/Gombe Court of Appeals acquitted Kamerhe and Jammal, saying there had not been enough evidence for a prosecution.{{cite news | url=https://www.africanews.com/2022/06/24/drc-vital-kamerhe-acquitted-of-embezzlement-conviction/ | title=DRC: Vital Kamerhe acquitted of embezzlement conviction | date=24 June 2022 | work=Africanews}}{{Cite web |date=2022-06-27 |title=DRC: Keeping a low profile, Vital Kamerhe savours his freedom |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/217611/drc-keeping-a-low-profile-vital-kamerhe-savours-his-freedom/ |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=The Africa Report |language=en-US}}{{cite report | url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/ | title=2022 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Democratic Republic of the Congo | publisher=U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor}} In its 2022 country report on the DRC, the U.S. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor took Kamerhe's acquittal as evidence that "officials frequently engaged in corrupt practices with impunity," presenting it as an example of how "[l]ack of enforcement of court decisions in corruption cases contributed to impunity, as rulings were often overturned in appellate proceedings or dismissed due to procedural errors."
==Return to government==
On 25 March 2023, Félix Tshisekedi reappointed Kamerhe to his government, this time as vice prime minister in charge of the economy.{{cite news |title=DRC: Vital Kamerhe's spectacular comeback |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/296008/drc-vital-kamerhes-spectacular-comeback/ |work=The Africa Report |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328182011/https://www.theafricareport.com/296008/drc-vital-kamerhes-spectacular-comeback/ |archive-date=28 March 2023}} On 22 May 2024, he was again elected as Speaker of the National Assembly and assumed office on May 24.{{cite news |title=DRC: Ally of President Tshisekedi elected head of parliament |url=https://www.africanews.com/2024/05/23/drc-ally-of-president-tshisekedi-elected-head-of-parliament/ |work=Africanews |language=en |date=23 May 2024}}{{cite news |last1=Bagheni |first1=Prince |title=RDC/Ass. Nat. : pourquoi Vital Kamerhe refuse d'occuper le bureau laisse par Mboso |url=https://election-net.com/article/rdcass-nat-pourquoi-vital-kamerhe-refuse-doccuper-le-bureau-laisse-par-mboso |access-date=24 May 2024 |work=Electionnet |date=24 May 2024 |language=fr}}
Family
Kamerhe is the brother-in-law of Aimé Boji. He married Amida Shatur on February 19, 2019.
References
[http://radiookapi.net/sans-categorie/2006/12/29/vital-kamhere-le-portrait/ "Radio Okapi (2006)"]
[http://www.lavdc.net/version/article.php?id_art=309 "LAVDC Radio - Jeudi 26 mars 2009"]
{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7963755.stm |title=Congolese assembly speaker quits|date=25 March 2009 |work=BBC |access-date=2011-01-29}}
[https://www.scribd.com/doc/45278079/UNC-flyer "UNC Party Flyer - released on December 14, 2010"]
{{commons category|Vital Kamerhe}}
{{2011 presidential election candidates, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kamerhe, Vital}}
Category:Candidates for President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Category:Presidents of the National Assembly (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Category:Union for the Congolese Nation politicians
Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo politicians convicted of crimes
Category:Military coups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo