Vitis coignetiae

{{speciesbox

|name = Crimson glory vine

|image = Vitis Coignetiae DSCN3786.TIF

|image_caption = Vitis coignetiae leaves

|genus = Vitis

|species = coignetiae

|authority = Pulliat ex Planch.{{GRIN | access-date=October 20, 2009}}

|subdivision_ranks = Varieties

|subdivision =

V. coignetiae var. coignetiae
V. coignetiae var. glabrescens Nakai{{GRIN | Vitis coignetiae var. glabrescens | 411988 | access-date = October 20, 2009}}

|synonyms = V. amurensis var. glabrescens (Nakai) Nakai [possibly syn. of V. coignetiae var. glabrescens, not V. coignetiae]

}}

Vitis coignetiae, called crimson glory vine, is a plant belonging to the genus Vitis that is native to the temperate climes of Asia, where it can be found in the Russian Far East (Sakhalin); Korea; and Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku). It was described botanically in 1883. It is called meoru ({{lang|ko|머루}}) in Korean and yama-budo ({{lang|ja|ヤマブドウ}}) in Japanese.

History

The species name is dedicated to Marie Coignet, {{nee|Sisley}},{{Cite web |title=Family tree of Marie Élisa Octavie SISLEY |url=https://gw.geneanet.org/vfiel?lang=en&n=sisley&p=marie+elisa+octavie |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=Geneanet |language=en}} who reportedly brought seeds back from a trip to Japan with her husband in 1875.{{Cite web |title=Vitis coignetiae - Trees and Shrubs Online |url=https://www.treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/vitis/vitis-coignetiae/ |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=www.treesandshrubsonline.org}}

This vine was also reported in 1884 snowy regions of Japan by Henri Degron sent to East Asia to seek wild vines resistant to Phylloxera. Degron sent specimens to a Professor Planchon of Montpellier who named them Vitis coignetiae but did not retain them due to their low resistance to phylloxera. Degron planted a vineyard in Crespières, Île-de-France where one of the vines reached a length of 32.8 meters and a height of 2.8 meter. In the cooler Norman climate the vine produces a bitter wine, rich in color and extract.{{cn|date=February 2021}}

Description

The vine is very vigorous, with grey-brown, tomentose shoots. The deciduous leaves are large (10-25 cm in diameter), simple, orbicular, toothed, with 5-15 cm long petiole. Dark green during the growing season, they turn red-orange in autumn.{{Cite web |title=Vitis coignetiae {{!}} Landscape Plants {{!}} Oregon State University |url=https://landscapeplants.oregonstate.edu/plants/vitis-coignetiae |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=landscapeplants.oregonstate.edu}}

Wild vines can be male, female or hermaphrodite. Clusters are large with small, purple-black, seeded berries. It is found in the mountainous regions of Japan and up to 1300 m altitude in Korea.{{cn|date=February 2021}}

Uses

File:Vitis coignetiae (fruits).jpg, Korea]]

In East Asia it is grown as an ornamental plant for its crimson autumn foliage; and as an Oriental medicinal plant.{{cn|date=February 2021}}

It is a recipient of the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.RHS Plants. Available at: https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/19030/Vitis-coignetiae/Details [accessed 15/02/21]

It is used to produce wines in Korea and Japan. These are at first bitter, but softened with the addition of sugar.{{cn|date=February 2021}}

Chemistry

The plant contains the stilbenoids ε-viniferin{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} and rhapontigenin.{{Cite journal

| last1 = Jung | first1 = D. B.

| last2 = Lee | first2 = H. J.

| last3 = Jeong | first3 = S. J.

| last4 = Lee | first4 = H. J.

| last5 = Lee | first5 = E. O.

| last6 = Kim | first6 = Y. C.

| last7 = Ahn | first7 = K. S.

| last8 = Chen | first8 = C. Y.

| last9 = Kim | first9 = S. H.

| title = Rhapontigenin inhibited hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha accumulation and angiogenesis in hypoxic PC-3 prostate cancer cells

| journal = Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

| volume = 34

| issue = 6

| pages = 850–855

| year = 2011

| pmid = 21628883

| doi = 10.1248/bpb.34.850

| doi-access = free

}}

Gallery

File:Vitis coignetiae leaves.jpeg|Vitis coignetiae leaves.

File:Vitis coignetiae vine.jpeg|Vitis coignetiae vine growing in Cheshire, United Kingdom.

File:Vitis coignetiae cluster.jpeg|Vitis coignetiae fruit cluster.

File:Vitis coignetiae berries.jpeg|Vitis coignetiae berries.

File:Ornamental grape.jpg|The ornamental grape autumn colors. Growing in Victoria, Australia.

File:Château de Breteuil 2010 071.jpg|Vitis coignetiae in Northern France.