Vittel
{{about|the French municipality|the Russian journalist|Igor Vittel|the brand of drinking water|Vittel (water)|the Vietnamese telecommunications company|Viettel}}
{{Infobox French commune
|name = Vittel
|commune status = Commune
|image = Paysages 004.JPG
|caption = General view of the town
|image coat of arms = Blason Vittel.svg
|arrondissement = Neufchâteau
|canton = Vittel
|INSEE = 88516
|postal code = 88800
|term = 2020–2026
|intercommunality = Terre d'eau
|coordinates = {{coord|48.2025|5.9503|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m = 335
|elevation min m = 322
|elevation max m = 457
|area km2 = 24.13
|population = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}
Vittel ({{IPA|fr|vitɛl|-|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-Vittel.wav}}; archaic {{Langx|de|Wittel}}) is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.
Mineral water is bottled and sold here by Nestlé Waters France, under the Vittel brand. A series of negotiations involving Nestlé, local agricultural smallholders, and the French national agricultural research institute to protect groundwater quality from nonpoint source pollution yielded a unique arrangement that is often cited as a case study in payment for ecosystem services based on Coasean bargaining. {{cite journal
| last = Bingham
| first = LR
| title = Vittel as a model case in PES discourse: Review and critical perspective
| journal = Ecosystem Services
| volume = 48
| issue = 101247
| date = 2021
| language = English
| url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221204162100005X
| doi = 10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101247
| access-date = 26 Feb 2024 }} {{cite web
| last = Perrot-Maitre
| first = Daniele
| author-link =
| title = The Vittel payments for ecosystem services: a "perfect" PES case?
| publisher = International Institute for Environment and Development
| location =
| date = 2006
| language = English
| url = https://www.iied.org/g00388
| access-date =26 February 2024 }}
History
In 1854, after visiting the baths at nearby Contrexéville, lawyer Louis Bouloumié purchased the Fontaine de Gérémoy, site of the modern-day town of Vittel. Two years later, Bouloumie built a pavilion from which developed the grand, luxurious architecture which characterises the site.{{Cite web |url= http://www.vittelcongrestourisme.com/accueil/histoire |title= Vittel -- son histoire |access-date= 2011-04-26}} The town was also a recognized spa, bottling and exporting its waters.{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Vittel|volume=28|page=151}}
In 1968, the Club Med was opened.
=Mayors of Vittel=
File:Vittel-Hôtel de Ville.JPG.]]
| class="wikitable" |
| Start
! End ! Name |
|---|
| 1882
| 1903 | Ambroise Bouloumié |
| 1903
| 1919 | Henri Gérard |
| 1919
| 1945 | Jean Bouloumié |
| 1945
| 1947 | André Gérard |
| 1947
| 1952 | Charles Villeminot |
| 1952
| 1953 | André Gérard |
| 1953
| 1977 | Guy de la Motte-Bouloumié |
| 1977
| 1995 | Hubert Voilquin |
| 1995
| 2001 | Guy de la Motte-Bouloumié |
| 2001
| 2017 | Jean-Claude Millot |
| 2017
| 2026 | Franck Perry |
World War I
Home to U.S. Army Base Hospital 36 from Detroit, MI, from November 1917 until February 1919. This unit was formed at the Detroit College of Medicine and Surgery now Wayne State University, School of Medicine. They occupied the five resort hotels in the city plus the casino.
World War II
During the Battle of France in the summer of 1944, a small grass airstrip north of the town was used for light liaison aircraft by the United States Army Air Forces. The Twelfth Air Force headquartered several fighter wings in Vittel during their drive east into Germany. In 1945, that flat, grassy area of land (now a racetrack for horses) was used as a holding area for captured Luftwaffe aircraft before their shipment to the United Kingdom and the United States for evaluation (Operation Lusty).
Vittel served as an internment camp for enemy aliens of the German Reich during World War II. Hundreds of American and British families were interned there from September 1942. A few hundred Jewish people, citizens of German enemies, were also sent there by the Germans who hoped to use them to exchange for German prisoners or nationals held elsewhere. Most of Vittel's Jewish detainees were deported to Auschwitz and murdered there in 1944.{{Cite web|url=http://db.yadvashem.org/deportation/transportDetails.html?language=en&itemId=5092785|title=Institute for Holocaust Research|last=Vashem|first=Yad}} The order of Catholic nuns, {{lang|fr|Soeurs du Saint Esprit}}, were charged with looking after Jewish girls who were interned there.
The town was liberated by the US Army on September 10, 1944. In October 1944, the Hotel Continental was then used as part of U. S. Army Base Hospital Number 23.{{cite web |title=U. S. Army Base Hospital Number 23, Vittel, France: Hotel Continental, part of hospital - Digital Collections - National Library of Medicine |url=https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/catalog/nlm:nlmuid-101396768-img |website=collections.nlm.nih.gov |publisher=National Library of Medicine |access-date=7 July 2020}}
Population
{{Historical populations
|source = INSEE[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-88516#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE
|percentages = pagr
|align = none
|1968 |6343
|1975 |6791
|1982 |6440
|1990 |6296
|1999 |6117
|2007 |5586
|2012 |5318
|2017 |5071
}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- [http://vittel.2st.fr/vittel/sites/vittel/fr/accueil Town council website]
- [http://www.thermes-vittel.com/ Spa house website]
{{Vosges communes}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Communes of Vosges (department)
{{Vosges-geo-stub}}