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Voiced dental and alveolar lateral flaps#Dental

{{Short description|Consonantal sounds represented by ⟨ɺ⟩ in IPA}}

{{Infobox IPA

|ipa number=181

|ipa symbol=ɺ

|decimal=634

|xsampa=l\

|kirshenbaum=*<lat>

|braille=236 |braille2=number

|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x027A.svg

|imagesize=150px

}}

The voiced alveolar lateral flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ɺ}}, a fusion of a rotated lowercase letter {{angbr|r}} with a letter {{angbr|l}}. Approved in 1928, the symbol represented a sound intermediate between {{IPAblink|d}} and {{IPAblink|l}}{{sfnp|Association phonétique internationale|1928}}{{sfnp|International Phonetic Association|1949|p=14}} or between {{IPA|[r]}} and {{IPA|[l]}}{{sfnp|Association phonétique internationale|1932}}{{sfnp|Association phonétique internationale|1952}} until 1979, when its value was redefined as an alveolar lateral flap.{{sfnp|International Phonetic Association|1978}}

Some languages that are described as having a lateral flap actually have a flap that is indeterminate with respect to centrality, and may surface as either central or lateral, either in free variation or allophonically depending on surrounding vowels and consonants.{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=243}}

Features

Features of the voiced alveolar lateral flap:

{{flap}}

{{alveolar}}

{{voiced}}

{{oral}}

{{lateral}}

{{pulmonic}}

Occurrence

= Dental =

class="wikitable"

!Family

!colspan=2| Language

! Word

! IPA

! Meaning

! Notes

Bantu

|colspan=2| Chaga{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=213}}

| {{example needed|date=October 2015}}

|

|

| Laminal dental.{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=213}}

=Alveolar=

class="wikitable"

! Family

! Language

! Word

! IPA

! Meaning

! Notes

Arawakan

|Curipaco{{Sfnp|Souza|2012|p=78}}

| colspan="2" align="center" |{{IPA|[ɺi.wa.'dzo.ɺe]}}

|'ember'

|In alternation with an alveolar tap.{{Sfnp|Souza|2012|p=78}}

Iwaidjan

|Ilgar

|colspan=3 |{{example needed|date=September 2023}}

|Likely an underlying sequence of {{IPA|/ɺj/}}. Contrasts {{IPA|/l, ɺ, ɭ, ɭ̆/}}.

Iawaidjan

|Iwaidja

|ayanjildin{{Cite web|title=Mood and Character|url=http://ausil.org/Dictionary/Iwaidja/categories/c20.htm|access-date=2021-03-11|website=ausil.org|archive-date=2022-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221021731/http://ausil.org/Dictionary/Iwaidja/categories/c20.htm|url-status=dead}}

|align=center| {{IPA|[ajanɟiɺin]}}

|'sweetheart'

| Contrasts {{IPA|/l, ɺ, ɭ, ɭ̆/}} and possibly {{IPA|/ʎ, ʎ̆/}}.

rowspan="2" | Japonic

| rowspan="2" | Japanese{{sfnp|Akamatsu|1997|p=106}}

| {{lang|ja-Hani|六}} roku

|align=center| {{IPA|[ɺo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]}}

| 'six'

| rowspan=2|Allophonically {{IPAblink|ɾ}}. See Japanese phonology

{{lang|ja-Hani|心}} kokoro

|align=center| {{IPA|[ko̞ko̞ɺo̞]}}

| 'heart'

Papuan

| Kasua{{Cite journal|url=http://www-01.sil.org/pacific/png/pubs/928474542376/Kasua.pdf|last=Logan|first=Tommy|title=Organised Phonology Data|date=July 2003|publisher=SIL International|access-date=2018-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709175924/http://www-01.sil.org/pacific/png/pubs/928474542376/Kasua.pdf|archive-date=2018-07-09|url-status=dead}}

| {{lang|khs|hilila}}

|align=center| {{IPA|[hiɺiɺɑ]}}

| 'heavy'

| Never used at the beginning nor the end of a word.

Arawakan

| Wayuu

| {{lang|guc|püülükü}}

|align=center| {{IPA|[pɯːɺɯkɯ]}}

| 'pig'

| Contrasts with {{IPA|/r/}}.

Isolate

| YalëAannested, Aidan. (2020). "[https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/74/13/68/74136897596164130243049362044105596501/Yade_Grammar.pdf Towards a grammar of the Yale language: taking another look at archived field data]". SIL International.

| {{lang|guc|Yalë}}

|align=center| {{IPA|[jaɺɛ]}}

| 'Yalë'

| In free variation with {{IPAblink|d}}; written as {{angbr|d}} or {{angbr|l}}.

See also

Notes

{{reflist}}

References

{{refbegin}}

  • {{cite book

|last=Akamatsu

|first=Tsutomu

|year=1997

|title=Japanese Phonetics: Theory and Practice

|location=München

|publisher=Lincom Europa

|isbn=3-89586-095-6

}}

  • {{cite journal

|author=Association phonétique internationale

|year=1928

|title=desizjɔ̃ ofisjɛl

|trans-title=Décisions officielles

|journal=Le Maître Phonétique

|series=Troisième série

|volume=6

|issue=23

|pages=51–53

|jstor=44704266

}}

  • {{cite journal

|author=Association phonétique internationale

|year=1932

|title=The International Phonetic Alphabet (revised to 1932)

|journal=Le Maître Phonétique

|series=Troisième série

|volume=10

|issue=37

|at=Supplement

|jstor=44749172

}}

  • {{cite journal

|author=Association phonétique internationale

|year=1952

|title=The International Phonetic Alphabet (revised to 1951)

|journal=Le Maître Phonétique

|series=Troisième série

|volume=30

|issue=97

|at=Front matter

|jstor=44748475

}}

  • {{cite journal

|author=International Phonetic Association

|year=1949

|title=The Principles of the International Phonetic Association

|journal=Le Maître Phonétique

|series=Troisième série

|volume=27

|issue=91

|at=Supplement

|jstor=i40200179

}}

  • {{cite journal

|author=International Phonetic Association

|year=1978

|title=The International Phonetic Alphabet (Revised to 1979)

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=8

|issue=1–2

|at=Supplement

|jstor=44541414

}}

  • {{SOWL}}
  • {{cite thesis|title=Estudo fonológico da Língua Baniwa-Kuripako|type=Master's dissertation|year=2012|publisher=University of Campinas|doi=10.47749/T/UNICAMP.2012.898354|hdl=20.500.12733/1619268|doi-access=free|hdl-access=free|first=Erick Marcelo Lima de|last=Souza|lang=pt-BR}}

{{refend}}

External links

  • {{phoible|ɺ}}

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Category:Alveolar consonants

Category:Lateral consonants

Category:Tap and flap consonants

Category:Pulmonic consonants

Category:Oral consonants