Voiceless labiodental plosive

{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨p̪⟩ in IPA}}

{{More references|date=December 2009}}

{{infobox IPA

|ipa number=101 408

|ipa symbol=p̪

|ipa symbol2=ȹ

|decimal1=112|decimal2=810

|x-sampa=p_d

|kirshenbaum=p[

|braille=p

|braille2=6

|braille3=1456

}}

The voiceless labiodental plosive or stop is a consonant sound produced like a [p], but with the lower lip contacting the upper teeth, as in [f]. This can be represented in the IPA as {{angbr IPA|p̪}}. A separate symbol not recognized by the IPA that was occasionally seen, especially in Bantu linguistics, is the qp ligature {{angbr|ȹ}}.{{cite book |last1=Peter |first1=Ladefoged |last2=Ian |first2=Maddieson |title=The sounds of the world's languages |publisher=Blackwell Publishers |isbn=9780631198147 |page=17}}

The voiceless labiodental plosive is possibly not phonemic in any language, though see the entry on Shubi. However, it does occur allophonically. The XiNkuna dialect of Tsonga has affricates, {{IPA|[p̪͡f]}} and {{IPA|[b̪͡v]}}. German {{IPA|/p͡f/}} ranges between {{IPA|[p̪͡f]}}, {{IPA|[p͡f]}}, and {{IPA|[p͡ɸ]}}.

Features

150px

Features of the voiceless labiodental stop:

{{plosive}}

{{labiodental}}

{{voiceless short}}

{{oral}}

{{central-lateral}}

{{pulmonic}}

Varieties

class="wikitable"
IPADescription
style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|p̪}}

| plain p̪

style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|p̪ʰ}}

| aspirated

style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|p̪ʲ}}

| palatalized

style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|p̪ʷ}}

| labialized

style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|p̪̚}}

| p̪ with no audible release

style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|p̪̌}}

| voiced

style="font-size:24px" | {{IPA|p̪ʼ}}

| ejective

Occurrence

class="wikitable"

! Language !! Word !! IPA!! Meaning !! Notes

Greek{{Lang|el|σάπφειρος}}{{IPA|[ˈsap̪firo̞s̠]}}'sapphire'See Modern Greek phonology
Englishup-front{{IPA|[ʌp̪ˈfɹʌnt]}}'up-front'Common allophone of {{IPA|/p/}} before the labiodentals {{IPA|/f/}} and {{IPA|/v/}} (although it is also possible for the labiodentals to shift to bilabial {{IPA|/ɸ/}} and {{IPA|/β/}}, respectively, instead).
Slovene

|{{lang|sl|snop vidim|italic=yes}}

|{{IPA|[ˈs̪nɔ̂p̪ ˈʋíːd̪ìm]}}

|'(I) see a sheaf'

|Allophone of {{IPA|/p/}} before {{IPA|/f, ʋ/}}. See Slovene phonology.

See also

References

{{reflist}}