Voiceless velar implosive

{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɠ̊⟩ in IPA}}

{{Infobox IPA

|above = Voiceless velar implosive

|ipa symbol = ɠ̊

|ipa symbol2 = ƙ

|ipa-image=IPA Unicode 0x0199.svg

}}

The voiceless velar implosive is a very rare consonantal sound. The symbol for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is {{angbr IPA|ɠ̊}} or {{angbr IPA|kʼ↓}}. A dedicated IPA letter, {{angbr IPA|ƙ}}, was withdrawn in 1993.

Features

Features of the voiceless velar implosive:

Occurrence

A phonemic {{IPA|/ɠ̊/}} has not been confirmed for any language. It has been claimed for Lendu, but it is more likely to be creaky-voiced {{IPA|/ɠ̰/}}, as in Hausa. Some English speakers use a voiceless velar implosive {{IPA|[ɠ̊]}} to imitate the "glug-glug" sound of liquid being poured from a bottle, though others use a voiced implosive [{{IPA link|ɠ}}] or an uvular one [{{IPA link|ʛ|}}].Pike, Phonetics, 1943:40{{full citation needed|date=March 2024}}

In Uspantek, and perhaps other Mayan languages of Guatemala, {{IPA|[ɠ̊]}} is a rare allophone of {{IPA|/kˀ/}}. Of the consonants with glottalic airstream, the labial and uvular vary as {{IPA|[ɓ̥]}} ~ {{IPA|[pʼ]}} and {{IPA|[ʛ̥]}} ~ {{IPA|[qʼ]}}, depending on the position in the word. In contrast, the velar is nearly always {{IPA|[kʼ]}}, but speakers have been recorded using {{IPA|[ɠ̊]}}.{{Cite journal |last1=Bennett |first1=Ryan |last2=Harvey |first2=Meg |last3=Henderson |first3=Robert |last4=Méndez López |first4=Tomás Alberto |date=September 2022 |title=The phonetics and phonology of Uspanteko (Mayan) |journal=Language and Linguistics Compass |language=en |volume=16 |issue=9 |doi=10.1111/lnc3.12467 |s2cid=252453913 |issn=1749-818X|doi-access=free }}

class="wikitable"

! colspan="2" |Language

!Word

!IPA

!Meaning

!Notes

colspan="2" |Uspantek

|{{lang|usp|k{{`}}aam}}

|{{IPA|[ɠ̊aːm]}}

|'cord/twine'

|Rare allophone of {{IPA|/kˀ/}}.