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Void galaxy

{{Short description|Galaxy found in a cosmological void}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}

A void galaxy is a galaxy located in a cosmological void.{{cite journal|title=The Cosmically Depressed: Life, Sociology and Identity of Voids|date=17 Dec 2009|arxiv=0912.3473v1|bibcode=2010ASPC..421...99V|author1=Rien van de Weygaert|last2=Platen|first2=Erwin|last3=Tigrak|first3=Esra|last4=Hidding|first4=Johan|author5=Thijs van der Hulst|last6=Aragon-Calvo|first6=Miguel A.|last7=Stanonik|first7=Kathryn|author8=Jacqueline van Gorkom|journal=Galaxies in Isolation: Exploring Nature Versus Nurture |volume=421 |page=99 }} Few galaxies exist in voids; most are located in sheets, walls and filaments that surround voids and supervoids.{{Cite journal|journal=Astronomische Nachrichten|title=On the emptiness of voids|last1=Schmidt|first1=K.-H.|last2=Bohm|first2=P.|last3=Elsasser|first3=H.|volume=318|number= 2|date= February 1997|page=81|doi=10.1002/asna.2113180204|bibcode=1997AN....318...81S}}{{Cite journal |last1=Kuhn |first1=B. |last2=Hopp |first2=U. |last3=Elsaesser |first3=H. |date=February 1997 |title=Results of a search for faint galaxies in voids. |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume=318 |pages=405–415 |bibcode=1997A&A...318..405K |issn=0004-6361}} Many void galaxies are connected through void filaments or tendrils,{{cite journal |last1=Alpaslan |first1=Mehmet |last2=Robotham |first2=Aaron S. G. |last3=Obreschkow |first3=Danail |last4=Penny |first4=Samantha |last5=Driver |first5=Simon |last6=Norberg |first6=Peder |last7=Brough |first7=Sarah |last8=Brown |first8=Michael |last9=Cluver |first9=Michelle |last10=Holwerda |first10=Benne |last11=Hopkins |first11=Andrew M. |last12=van Kampen |first12=Eelco |last13=Kelvin |first13=Lee S. |last14=Lara-Lopez |first14=Maritza A.|author14-link=Maritza Lara-López |last15=Liske |first15=Jochen |last16=Loveday |first16=Jon |last17=Mahajan |first17=Smriti |last18=Pimbblet |first18=Kevin |title=Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): fine filaments of galaxies detected within voids |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters |date=2014-05-01 |volume=440 |issue=1 |pages=L106–L110 |doi=10.1093/mnrasl/slu019|doi-access=free |arxiv=1401.7331|bibcode=2014MNRAS.440L.106A}} less massive versions of the regular galaxy filaments that surround voids. These filaments are often straighter than their non-void counterparts due to the lack of influence by surrounding filaments.{{cite journal|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|title=The Bridge Effect of Void Filaments|first1=Daeseong|last1= Park|first2= Jounghun|last2= Lee|volume= 400|issue= 2|date=December 2009|pages=1105–1108|arxiv=0905.4277v2|bibcode=2009MNRAS.400.1105P|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15524.x|doi-access=free |s2cid=16612240}} These filaments can even be rich enough to form poor galaxy clusters.{{Cite journal |last1=Petrov |first1=G.T. |last2=Slavcheva-Mihova |first2=L. |last3=Kopchev |first3=V. |date=2007 |title=Studies of Selected Voids. Faint Galaxies in the Direction of the Void 0049+05 |url=http://servo.aob.rs/eeditions/CDS/Srpsko%20bugarska%20konferencija/5/presentations/Petrov.pdf |journal=Bulg. J. Phys |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=385–390}} The void galaxies themselves are thought to represent pristine examples of galactic evolution, having few neighbours, and likely to have formed from pure intergalactic gas.{{Cite journal |last1=Van De Weygaert |first1=Rien |last2=Platen |first2=Erwin |date=2011 |title=Cosmic Voids: Structure, Dynamics and Galaxies |journal=International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series |language=en |volume=01 |pages=41–66 |arxiv=0912.2997 |bibcode=2011IJMPS...1...41V |doi=10.1142/S2010194511000092 |issn=2010-1945}}

Formation

It is theorised by many astrophysicists that void galaxies are the result of large galactic filaments being pulled by the gravity of a major super cluster out of the less densely populated areas, causing voids such as the Boötes Void to grow. Galaxies such as the spiral galaxy MCG+01-02-015 are sometimes left behind from such events.{{Cite web|url=https://io9.gizmodo.com/behold-the-bootes-void-the-spookiest-place-in-the-cosm-5923493|title=Behold the Boötes void, the spookiest place in the cosmos|last=Dvorsky|first=George|website=io9|date=6 July 2012 |language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-25}}

List of void galaxies

{{Incomplete list|date=September 2010}}

class="wikitable sortable"
Galaxy

!Picture

! Void

! Filament

! Notes

! Comments

Pisces A

|File:Pisces A hs-2016-29-b-large web.jpg

| rowspan="5" |Local Void

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|{{cite news |date=15 August 2016 |title=Hubble Sees Two Dwarf Galaxies in Pisces |url=http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/hubble-dwarf-galaxies-pisces-04103.html |publisher=Sci-News}}

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Pisces B

|File:Pisces B hs-2016-29-c-large web.jpg

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NGC 7077

|File:SDSS NGC 7077.jpg

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|{{Cite web |last=Tully |first=Brent |title=The Local Void |url=http://amiga.iaa.es/FCKeditor/UserFiles/File/cig09/Tully.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091215060031/http://amiga.iaa.es/FCKeditor/UserFiles/File/cig09/Tully.pdf |archive-date=2009-12-15 |website=AMIGA - Analysis of the interstellar Medium of Isolated Galaxies}}

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NGC 6503

|File:NGC 6503 (2015-06-10).jpg

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NGC 6789

|File:NGC 6789 hst 09162 R814B606.png

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MCG +01-02-015

|File:The loneliest of galaxies.jpg

|0049+05 Void

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|{{cite web |date=9 November 2015 |title=The loneliest of galaxies |url=http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1545a/ |access-date=10 November 2015 |publisher=Hubble Space Telescope}}{{cite simbad|title=MCG+01-02-015}}{{Cite web |date=2015-11-09 |title=NASA's Hubble Space Telescope Focuses on Lonely Galaxy |url=https://www.sci.news/astronomy/science-nasas-hubble-lonely-galaxy-03417.html |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=Sci.News |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=November 18, 2015 |title=Hubble Views a Lonely Galaxy |url=https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Hubble_Views_a_Lonely_Galaxy_999.html |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=Space Daily}}

|LEDA 1852 (Pisces)

LEDA 3096313

|File:LEDA 3096313.png

| rowspan="14" |Boötes Void

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| Emission-line galaxy

LEDA 84225

|File:IRAS 14288+5255.png

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| {{Cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=Chulhee |last2=Boller |first2=Th. |last3=Ghosh |first3=Kajal K. |last4=Swartz |first4=Douglas A. |last5=Ramsey |first5=Brian D. |date=January 2001 |title=Detection of X-Ray Emission from Galaxies inside the Bootes Void |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=546 |issue=2 |pages=L91–L95 |doi=10.1086/318868|bibcode=2001ApJ...546L..91K }}

| AGN X-ray source

LEDA 87383

|File:LEDA 87383.png

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| {{Cite journal |last1=Cruzen |first1=Shawn |last2=Wehr |first2=Tara |last3=Weistrop |first3=Donna |last4=Angione |first4=Ronald J. |last5=Hoopes |first5=Charles |date=January 2002 |title=Spectroscopy of Galaxies in the Bootes Void |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=123 |issue=1 |pages=142–158 |doi=10.1086/324739|bibcode=2002AJ....123..142C }}

| Starburst galaxy

LEDA 2790865

|File:LEDA 2790865.png

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| LINER galaxy,

Emission-line Galaxy

LEDA 87386

|File:LEDA 87386 -- Starburst Galaxy.png

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| Starburst galaxy

LEDA 87385

|File:LEDA 87385 interacting pair.png

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| Interacting galaxy pair

LEDA 101388

|File:LEDA 101388.png

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|Seyfert 2 galaxy

LEDA 101389

|File:LEDA 101389.png

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|Elliptical galaxy

LEDA 100709

|File:LEDA 100709.png

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| Starburst galaxy

LEDA 54705

|File:LEDA 54705.png

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| Interacting galaxy pair

MCG +09-25-043

|File:MCG+09-25-043.png

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| AGN X-ray source

Markarian 845

|File:Markarian 845.png

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| Seyfert 1 (X-ray source)

LEDA 87384

|File:CASG 547.png

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| rowspan="2" |Emission-line Galaxy

LEDA 2103063

|File:LEDA 2103063.png

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LEDA 1147360

|File:LEDA 1147360.png

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|{{Cite journal |last1=Douglass |first1=Kelly A. |last2=Vogeley |first2=Michael S. |last3=Cen |first3=Renyue |date=September 2018 |title=Influence of the Void Environment on Chemical Abundances in Dwarf Galaxies and Implications for Connecting Star Formation and Halo Mass |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |language=en |volume=864 |issue=2 |pages=144 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/aad86e |doi-access=free |arxiv=1706.07099 |bibcode=2018ApJ...864..144D |issn=0004-637X}}

|Active galaxy nucleus candidate

SDSS J123644.69+003348.1

|File:SDSS J123644.69+003348.1.png

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|Active galaxy nucleus candidate

LEDA 1166549

|File:ECO 7278.png

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|HII galaxy

2dFGRS TGN266Z051

|File:2dFGRS TGN266Z051.png

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|Seyfert 1

2MASX J12401820-0011064

|File:2MASX J12401820-0011064.png

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|Seyfert 1

LEDA 1160233

|File:LEDA 1160233.png

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|Active galaxy nucleus candidate

LEDA 1161018

|File:LEDA 1161018.png

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LEDA 1186186

|File:LEDA 1186186.png

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|Active galaxy nucleus candidate

LEDA 1110510

|File:LEDA 1110510.png

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|Active galaxy nucleus candidate

MCG +00-25-010

|File:MCG+00-25-010.png

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|Seyfert 1

GAMA 279943

|File:SDSS J092031.46+005613.2.png

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|Active galaxy nucleus candidate

LEDA 2653526

|File:LEDA 2653526.png

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|Active galaxy nucleus candidate

SHOC 239

|File:SHOC 239.png

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|HII galaxy

LEDA 2790881

|File:LEDA 2790881.png

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|Seyfert 1

MaNGA 43-22

|File:MaNGA 43-22.png

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|Active galaxy nucleus candidate

LEDA 29070

|File:LEDA 29070.png

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|Active galaxy nucleus candidate

LEDA 28747

|File:LEDA 28747.png

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|Active galaxy nucleus candidate

LEDA 2534153

|File:LEDA 2534153.png

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|Active galaxy nucleus candidate

MCG +10-15-008

|File:MCG+10-15-008.png

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|Active galaxy nucleus candidate

Markarian 234

|File:Mrk 234.png

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|HII galaxy,

Active galaxy nucleus candidate

LEDA 2677771

|File:LEDA 2677771.png

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|Seyfert 1

LEDA 3129299

|File:LEDA 3129299.png

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|Active galaxy nucleus candidate

LEDA 3132190

|File:LEDA 3132190.png

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|HII galaxy

NSA 12777

|File:NSA 12777.png

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|Seyfert 1

LEDA 2675385

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|Active galaxy nucleus candidate

SHOC 306

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|HII galaxy

ASK 047216.0

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|Active galaxy nucleus candidate

Markarian 89

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|Seyfert 1

SHOC 461

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|HII galaxy

LEDA 2678872

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|HII galaxy, Seyfert 1

NSA 12860

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|Active galaxy nucleus candidate

LEDA 3139336

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LEDA 2815866

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|Emission-line Galaxy

LEDA 2690461

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|Active galaxy nucleus candidate

Z 19-3

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|Active galaxy nucleus candidate

LEDA 4006977

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LEDA 1206223

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|Active galaxy nucleus candidate

NSA 14156

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LEDA 1214845

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|Active galaxy nucleus candidate

LEDA 1223466

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|Active galaxy nucleus candidate

KK 242

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|satellite galaxy of NGC 6503

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

{{commons category|Void galaxy}}

  • {{Cite web |last=Panjkov |first=Sonja |date=22 April 2023 |editor-last=Trierweiler |editor-first=Isabella |title=Is One Really the Loneliest Number? Void Galaxies Compared to Their More Popular Counterparts in the Field |url=https://astrobites.org/2023/04/22/lonely-void-galaxies/ |website=Astrobites}}

{{Galaxy}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Void Galaxy}}

Category:Galaxies

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