Volkameria
{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Clerodendrum inerme (Seaside Clerodendrum) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 8996.jpg
| image_caption = Volkameria inermis
| taxon = Volkameria
| authority = L.
| type_species = Volkameria aculeata
| type_species_authority = L.Volkameria In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: Regnum Vegetabile (see External links below).
| synonyms =
- Douglassia Mill.
- Cornacchinia Savi
- Huxleya Ewart & B.Rees
}}
Volkameria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. It is pantropical in distribution.[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=213991 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]Yao-Wu Yuan, David J. Mabberley, Dorothy A. Steane, and Richard G. Olmstead. 2010. "Further disintegration and redefinition of Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae): Implications for the understanding of the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy". Taxon 59(1):125-133. Many of the species are found in coastal habitats.
The species of Volkameria are mostly shrubs, sometimes subshrubs or lianas, rarely small trees. The stems have swollen nodes. The flowers are usually fragrant. The fruit matures black or brown, separating into four corky pyrenes.
Volkameria aculeata and Volkameria glabra are grown as ornamentals in the tropics.George W. Staples and Derral R. Herbst "A Tropical Garden Flora" Bishop Museum Press: Honolulu (2005) Volkameria heterophylla is also known in cultivation.Anthony J. Huxley, Mark Griffiths, and Margot Levy (editors). 1992. The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. The Macmillan Press Limited, London; The Stockton Press, New York. Volkameria inermis is planted as a sand binder.David J. Mabberley. 2008. Mabberley's Plant-Book third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. {{ISBN|978-0-521-82071-4}}
Taxonomy
Volkameria was originally named (as "Volcameria") by German botanist Lorenz Heister in Index plantarum rariorum (1730), the name subsequently being adopted by Swedish scientist Carl LinnaeusCarolus Linnaeus. 1737. Critica Botanica page 95 and validly published in his Species Plantarum (1753).Volkameria page 637. In: Carolus Linnaeus. 1753. Species Plantarum volume 2. Laurentii Salvii. Heister named the genus after the German botanist Johann Georg Volckamer the Younger (1662-1744),Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names volume IV, page 2809. CRC Press: Boca Raton; New York; Washington,DC;, USA. London, UK. {{ISBN|978-0-8493-2673-8}} (set). (see External links below). who had described the plant in his Flora Noribergensis (1700).
In 1895, John Isaac Briquet defined the genus Clerodendrum broadly, to include all of those species now placed in Rotheca, Clerodendrum, Volkameria, and Ovieda.John Isaac Briquet. 1895. "Clerodendrum" pages 174-176. In: "Verbenaceae" pages 132-182. In: Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien volume IV, part 3a. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig, Germany. This was considered questionable by many, but for the next 100 years, Briquet's circumscription was usually followed, mostly because of confusion and uncertainty regarding this group of at least 200 species.
In 2010, a molecular phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences showed that most of the Clerodendrum species that had been in Volkameria were more closely related to Aegiphila, Ovieda, Tetraclea, and Amasonia than to other species of Clerodendrum. (See the phylogenetic tree at Lamiaceae). Following these results, Volkameria was reinstated. Some species that had been erroneously placed in Volkameria were excluded. Some of the poorly known species in Clerodendrum might still need to be transferred to Volkameria.
=Species=
The following species are recognised in the genus Volkameria:
- Volkameria acerbiana Vis. - northeastern Africa from Egypt to Tanzania and west to Chad; also Guinea-Bissau + Gambia in West Africa
- Volkameria aculeata L. - West Indies, northern South America, Honduras, Veracruz State in eastern Mexico
- Volkameria aggregata (Gürke) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan - Madagascar
- Volkameria glabra (E.Mey.) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan - western + southern Africa from South Africa to Somalia; Seychelles, Comoros
- Volkameria heterophylla Poir. - Mauritius, Réunion; naturalized in India, Madagascar, Australia
- Volkameria inermis L. - China, Indian Subcontinent, Australia, Pacific Islands
- Volkameria ligustrina Jacq. - Mexico, Central America
- Volkameria linifolia (Ewart & B.Rees) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan - Australia (Northern Territory)
- Volkameria mollis (Kunth) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan - Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Galápagos
- Volkameria pittieri (Moldenke) Mabb. & Y.W.Yuan - Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador
Gallery
Image:Clerodendrum inerme (Seaside Clerodendrum) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 8996.jpg|Volkameria inermis in Hyderabad, India.
Image:Clerodendrum inerme (Seaside Clerodendrum) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 8994.jpg|Volkameria inermis in Hyderabad, India.
Image:Clerodendrum inerme (Seaside Clerodendrum) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 8993.jpg|Volkameria inermis in Hyderabad, India.
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Volkameria Volkameria] At:[http://www.botany.si.edu/ing Index Nominum Genericorum] At: [http://www.botany.si.edu/index.htm?references References] At: [http://www.botany.si.edu/index.htm NMNH Department of Botany]
- [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13830#79 Volkameria] In: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/13830#1 volume 2] Of: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/37656 Species Plantarum] At: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ Biodiversity Heritage Library]
- [http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9780849326783 CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: R-Z] At: [http://www.crcpress.com/ecommerce_product/browse_book_categories.jsf?category=LIF02A Botany & Plant Science] At: [http://www.crcpress.com/ecommerce_product/browse_book_categories.jsf?category=LIF Life Science] At: [http://www.crcpress.com/ CRC Press]
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