WASP-39b#WASP-39 (star)

{{update|reason=New discovery on the physyical contrast between the dayside and nightside of the planet, as in the source "https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasas-webb-investigates-eternal-sunrises-sunsets-on-distant-world/"|date=October 2024}}

{{Infobox planet

| name = WASP-39b / Bocaprins

| image = Wasp-39b and its parent star (artist’s impression).jpg

| caption = Exoplanet WASP-39b artist's concept

| discovery_site = WASP

| discovered = 2011

| discovery_method = Primary transit

| apsis = astron

| semimajor = {{val|0.0486|0.0005}} AU, {{val|7.27|.1|e=6}} km

| eccentricity = 0

| period = {{val|4.05526|}} d

| inclination = {{val|87.83|0.25}}

| star = WASP-39

| mean_radius = {{val|1.27|0.04}} {{Jupiter radius|link=y}}
({{val|91000|3000}} km)

| mass = {{val|0.28|0.03}} {{Jupiter mass|link=y}}

| density = {{cvt|180|±|40|kg/m3|g/cm3|disp=out}}{{fact|date=July 2024}}

}}

WASP-39b, officially named Bocaprins, is a "hot Jupiter" extrasolar planet discovered in February 2011{{citation |arxiv=1102.1375 |title=WASP-39b: A highly inflated Saturn-mass planet orbiting a late G-type star |date=7 February 2011 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201116671 |last1=Faedi |first1=Francesca |last2=Barros |first2=S.C.C. |last3=Anderson |first3=D.R. |last4=Brown |first4=D.J.A. |last5=Collier Cameron |first5=A. |last6=Pollacco |first6=D. |last7=Boisse |first7=I. |last8=Hébrard |first8=G. |last9=Lendl |first9=M. |last10=Lister |first10=T.A. |last11=Smalley |first11=B. |last12=Street |first12=R.A. |last13=Triaud |first13=A.H.M.J. |last14=Bento |first14=J. |last15=Bouchy |first15=F. |last16=Butters |first16=O.W. |last17=Enoch |first17=B. |last18=Haswell |first18=C.A. |last19=Hellier |first19=C. |last20=Keenan |first20=F.P. |last21=Miller |first21=G.R.M. |last22=Moulds |first22=V. |last23=Moutou |first23=C. |last24=Norton |first24=A.J. |last25=Queloz |first25=D. |last26=Santerne |first26=A. |last27=Simpson |first27=E.K. |last28=Skillen |first28=I. |last29=Smith |first29=A.M.S. |last30=Udry |first30=S. |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=531 |pages=A40 |bibcode=2011A&A...531A..40F |s2cid=45385573 |display-authors=1 }} by the WASP project, notable for containing a substantial amount of water in its atmosphere. In addition WASP-39b was the first exoplanet found to contain carbon dioxide in its atmosphere, and likewise for sulfur dioxide.

WASP-39b is in the constellation Virgo, and is about 700 light-years from Earth. As part of the NameExoWorlds campaigns at the 100th anniversary of the IAU, the planet was named Bocaprins, after the beach {{ill|Boca Prins|de||es}} in the Arikok National Park of Aruba.

Characteristics

File:Clear to cloudy hot Jupiters.jpg" exoplanets, including WASP-39b (top row; 4th from left) (artist's concept).}}

From top left to lower right: WASP-12b, WASP-6b, WASP-31b, WASP-39b, HD 189733b, HAT-P-12b, WASP-17b, WASP-19b, HAT-P-1b and HD 209458b.]]

WASP-39b has a mass of about 0.28 times that of Jupiter and a radius about 1.27 times that of Jupiter (91,000 km). It is a hot gas giant planet with a high temperature of 900 °C.{{Cite web |last=Adkins |first=Jamie |date=2022-08-25 |title=NASA's Webb Detects Carbon Dioxide in Exoplanet Atmosphere |url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-detects-carbon-dioxide-in-exoplanet-atmosphere |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=NASA}} The exoplanet orbits very close (7 million km) to WASP-39, its host star, every 4 days.

WASP-39b is also notable for having an extremely low density, near that of WASP-17b. While WASP-17b has a density of {{val|0.13|0.06}} g/cm³, WASP-39b has a slightly higher density of {{val|0.18|0.04}} g/cm³.

Atmospheric composition

File:Hot Gas Giant Exoplanet WASP-39 b (NIRSpec Transmission Spectrum).png

Hot water molecules were found in the atmosphere of WASP-39b in a 2018 study. The atmospheric transmission spectra, taken by different instruments, were inconsistent as in 2021, possibly indicating a disequilibrium atmospheric chemistry.{{citation |arxiv=2110.13443 |date=26 October 2021|title=Implementation of disequilibrium chemistry to spectral retrieval code ARCiS and application to 16 exoplanet transmission spectra|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202141548 |last1=Kawashima |first1=Yui |last2=Min |first2=Michiel |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=656 |pages=A90 |s2cid=239885551 }} High-fidelity spectra obtained by the James Webb Space Telescope in 2022 did not confirm a disequilibrium chemistry.

WASP-39b is one of the James Webb Space Telescope's early release science targets. Sulfur dioxide was observed in this planet's atmosphere for the first time, or indeed of any planet outside of the Solar System, indicating the existence of photochemical processes in the atmosphere.{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-reveals-an-exoplanet-atmosphere-as-never-seen-before |title=NASA's Webb Reveals an Exoplanet Atmosphere as Never Seen Before |author=NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center |date=22 November 2022 |access-date=22 November 2022}} WASP-39b is the first exoplanet in which carbon dioxide has been detected.{{citation|arxiv=2208.11692 |title=Identification of carbon dioxide in an exoplanet atmosphere |author1=The JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Team |last2=Ahrer |first2=Eva-Maria |last3=Alderson |first3=Lili |last4=Batalha |first4=Natalie M. |last5=Batalha |first5=Natasha E. |last6=Bean |first6=Jacob L. |last7=Beatty |first7=Thomas G. |last8=Bell |first8=Taylor J. |last9=Benneke |first9=Björn |last10=Berta-Thompson |first10=Zachory K. |last11=Carter |first11=Aarynn L. |last12=Crossfield |first12=Ian J. M. |last13=Espinoza |first13=Néstor |last14=Feinstein |first14=Adina D. |last15=Fortney |first15=Jonathan J. |last16=Gibson |first16=Neale P. |last17=Goyal |first17=Jayesh M. |last18=Kempton |first18=Eliza M. -R. |last19=Kirk |first19=James |last20=Kreidberg |first20=Laura |last21=López-Morales |first21=Mercedes |last22=Line |first22=Michael R. |last23=Lothringer |first23=Joshua D. |last24=Moran |first24=Sarah E. |last25=Mukherjee |first25=Sagnick |last26=Ohno |first26=Kazumasa |last27=Parmentier |first27=Vivien |last28=Piaulet |first28=Caroline |last29=Rustamkulov |first29=Zafar |last30=Schlawin |first30=Everett |journal=Nature |year=2023 |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=649–652 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05269-w |pmid=36055338 |pmc=9946830 |bibcode=2023Natur.614..649J |display-authors=1 }}{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=Webb Telescope Sees a Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere Way Out There - WASP-39b, a distant world with a mass equivalent to Saturn's, is the first exoplanet known to harbor the gas. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/26/science/space/webb-telescope-wasp-exoplanet.html |date=26 August 2022 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=27 August 2022 }}

Planetary transmission spectra taken in 2022 has indicated the atmosphere of WASP-39b is partially cloudy, and planet C/O ratio appears to be subsolar.{{citation |arxiv=2211.10487 |last=Rustamkulov |first=Zafar |display-authors=etal |title=Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec PRISM|journal=Nature |year=2023 |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=659–663 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05677-y |pmid=36623548 |pmc=9946832 |bibcode=2023Natur.614..659R }} The spectral signature of water, carbon dioxide, sodium{{citation |arxiv=2211.10489 |last=Ahrer |first=Eva-Maria |display-authors=etal |title=Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRCam|journal=Nature |year=2023 |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=653–658 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05590-4 |pmid=36623551 |pmc=9946836 |bibcode=2023Natur.614..653A }} and sulfur dioxide were also detected.{{citation |arxiv=2211.10488 |last1=Alderson |first1=Lili; et al. |title=Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec G395H|journal=Nature |year=2023 |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=664–669 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05591-3 |pmid=36623549 |pmc=9946835 |bibcode=2023Natur.614..664A }}

WASP-39 (star)

{{Starbox short

| name = Malmok

| constell = Virgo

| ra={{RA|14|29|18.4151689656}}

| dec={{DEC|-03|26|40.204480380}}

| appmag_v = 12.09

| absmag_v =

| dist_ly = 702 ± 2

| dist_pc = 215.4 ± 0.7

| class =

| names = 2MASS J14291840-0326403,
Gaia DR2 3643098875168270592,
Gaia EDR3 3643098875168270592

| Simbad = WASP-39

| ARICNS =

| NSTED =

| EPE =

}}

The parent star WASP-39 is of spectral class G and is slightly smaller than the Sun. It lies in the Virgo constellation, 698 light-years from Earth. The star WASP-39 was formally named Malmok in 2019.{{Cite web|url=http://www.nameexoworlds.iau.org/final-results|title=Approved names|website=NameExoworlds|language=en|access-date=2020-01-02}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.iau.org/news/pressreleases/detail/iau1912/|title=International Astronomical Union {{!}} IAU|website=www.iau.org|access-date=2020-01-02}}

References

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite web |last1=Cofield |first1=Calla |last2=Jenkins |first2=Ann |last3=Villard |first3=Ray |title=NASA Finds a Large Amount of Water in an Exoplanet's Atmosphere |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7072 |date=1 March 2018 |work=NASA |access-date=3 March 2018 }}

{{cite encyclopedia |title=Planet WASP-39 b |url=https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/wasp_39_b--818/ |date=2018 |encyclopedia=Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia |access-date=1 March 2018 }}

{{cite web |title=NASA finds a large amount of water in an exoplanet's atmosphere |url=https://phys.org/news/2018-03-nasa-large-amount-exoplanet-atmosphere.html |date=1 March 2018 |work=Phys.org |access-date=1 March 2018 }}

{{cite journal |last1=Wakeford |first1=H.R. |last2=Sing |first2=D.K. |last3=Deming |first3=D.; et al. |title=The Complete Transmission Spectrum of WASP-39b with a Precise Water Constraint |date=21 December 2017 |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=155 |pages=29 |number=1 |doi=10.3847/1538-3881/aa9e4e |arxiv=1711.10529 |s2cid=3685618 |doi-access=free }}

}}

External links

Category:Exoplanets discovered by WASP

Category:Exoplanets discovered in 2011

Category:Giant planets

Category:Hot Jupiters

Category:Exoplanets with proper names