Wagon Mound

{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}

{{Infobox NRHP

| name = Wagon Mound

| nrhp_type = nhl

| designated_other1 = New Mexico State Register

| designated_other1_date = December 20, 1968

| designated_other1_number = [http://www.nmhistoricpreservation.org/assets/files/registers/2012%20Report_%20Section%203_%20Arranged%20by%20Number.pdf 32]

| designated_other1_num_position = bottom

| image = Wagonmound.jpg

| caption =

| nearest_city = Wagon Mound, New Mexico

| coordinates = {{coord|36|0|39|N|104|42|10|W|display=inline,title}}

| locmapin = New Mexico#USA

| area = {{convert|150|acre}}

| built = {{Start date|1868}}

| designated_nrhp_type = May 23, 1963{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/nhl/find/statelists/nm/NM.pdf|title=National Historic Landmarks Survey, New Mexico|accessdate=December 20, 2016|publisher=National Park Service}}

| added = October 15, 1966

| refnum = 66000478{{NRISref|version=2010a}}

}}

{{other uses}}

The Wagon Mound is a butte that was a major landmark for pioneers along the Cimarron Cutoff of the Old Santa Fe Trail, a well-known settlement route connecting St. Louis, Missouri and Santa Fe, New Mexico. It is located just east of Wagon Mound, New Mexico, a village named after the butte. The butte is a designated National Historic Landmark, along with Santa Clara Canyon, a site just northwest of the village where travelers on the trail frequently camped and took on water.{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=339&ResourceType=Site

|title=Wagon Mound |accessdate=2008-06-26 |work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service}}

{{Cite book|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Wagon Mound / Wagon Mound (Santa Clara Spring)|url={{NHLS url|id=66000478}} |format=pdf|date=February 10, 1975 |author=Richard Greenwood |publisher=National Park Service}} and {{NHLS url|id=66000478|title=Accompanying two photos, from 1962 and 1974|photos=y}} {{small|(32 KB)}}

Description and history

Wagon Mound is a roughly lozenge-shaped mesa with its highest point at about {{convert|6930|ft|m}}. New Mexico State Road 120 runs eastward from the village of Wagon Mound to the north of the mesa, while New Mexico State Road 271 runs southeasterly from the village to its south and west. The village is located directly west of the mesa, with two small mesas, known as the Pilot Knobs, to its west. Wagon Mound is readily visible from the Rabbit Ears, the major landmark further east on the trail.

Wagon Mound was an important landmark on the Cimarron Cutoff branch of the Santa Fe Trail for several reasons. First, it was the last major landmark before reaching Santa Fe, signaling the approaching end of the journey to westbound travelers. Second, the Santa Clara Canyon, located about {{convert|2|mi|km}} to the northwest, had a spring that was a reliable source of water in the desert environment. It also served as a cautionary point, because the topography of Santa Clara Canyon made groups camping there vulnerable to attacks by Native Americans protecting their land from these new settlers, with one notably large attack, the Wagon Mound massacre, occurring in 1850. The route was heavily used between about 1822 and the American Civil War. Usage declined with the advent of the railroad (which followed the Santa Fe Trail route in this area) in the 1870s.

See also

References

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