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Wahweap Formation

{{Short description|Geologic formation in the United States}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2016}}

{{Infobox rockunit

| name = Wahweap Formation

| image = Wahweap in Shadow (8164183821).jpg

| caption = Wahweap Formation, Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, Utah

| type = Geological formation

| age = Campanian, {{fossilrange|82.2|77.3}}

| period = Campanian

| prilithology = sandstone

| otherlithology =

| namedfor = Wahweap Creek

| namedby =

| region = North America

| country = United States

| coordinates = {{coord|37.5|-111.7|display=inline,title}}

| unitof =Kaiparowits Plateau

| subunits =Last Chance Creek Member, Reynolds Point Member, Coyote Point Member, Pardner Canyon Member

| underlies =Kaiparowits Formation

| overlies =Straight Cliffs Formation

| thickness =

| extent = Southern Utah, Northern Arizona

| area =

| map =

| map_caption =

}}

The Wahweap Formation of the Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument is a geological formation in southern Utah and northern Arizona, around the Lake Powell region, whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous (Campanian stage). Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, North America)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 574–588. {{ISBN|0-520-24209-2}}.

Age

The Wahweap formation is divided into four members, which are listed below with their respective ages:{{Cite journal |last1=Beveridge |first1=Tegan L. |last2=Roberts |first2=Eric M. |last3=Ramezani |first3=Jahandar |last4=Titus |first4=Alan L. |last5=Eaton |first5=Jeffrey G. |last6=Irmis |first6=Randall B. |last7=Sertich |first7=Joseph J. W. |date=2022-04-01 |title=Refined geochronology and revised stratigraphic nomenclature of the Upper Cretaceous Wahweap Formation, Utah, U.S.A. and the age of early Campanian vertebrates from southern Laramidia |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |language=en |volume=591 |pages=110876 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.110876 |issn=0031-0182|doi-access=free |bibcode=2022PPP...59110876B }}

  • Last Chance Creek Member: 82.17-81.55 Ma
  • Reynolds Point Member: 81.55-80.61 Ma
  • Coyote Point Member: 80.61-79 Ma
  • Pardner Canyon Member: 79-77.29 Ma

Paleobiota

=Invertebrates=

The Wahweap Formation shows a substantial amount of invertebrate activity ranging from fossilized insect burrows in petrified logsDe Blieux, Donald D. "Analysis of Jim's hadrosaur site; a dinosaur site in the middle Campanian (Cretaceous) Wahweap Formation of Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument (GSENM), southern Utah." Abstracts with Programs – Geological Society of America, vol. 39, no. 5, pp.6, May 2007 to various mollusks that characterize the shell beds. Large fossilized crabs are common at most shell bed sites in the Wahweap,Kirkland, James Ian. "An inventory of paleontological resources in the lower Wahweap Formation (lower Campanian), southern Kaiparowits Plateau, Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, Utah." Abstracts with Programs – Geological Society of America, vol.37, no.7, pp.114, Oct 2005. and over 1,900 gastropod specimens (of four likely genera) have been unearthed in the formation's siltstone.Williams, Jessica A J; Lohrengel, C Frederick. Preliminary study of freshwater gastropods in the Wahweap Formation, Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah. Abstracts with Programs – Geological Society of America, vol. 39, no. 5, pp.43, May 2007

=Elasmobranchs=

class="wikitable sortable"

|+

! colspan="7" |Elasmobranchs of the Wahweap Formation

Taxon

!Species

!Locality

!Member

!Material

!Notes

!Images

Cantioscyllium{{Cite book|last1=Kirkland|first1=James I.|title=At the Top of the Grand Staircase: The Late Cretaceous of Southern Utah|last2=Eaton|first2=Jeffrey G.|last3=Brinkman|first3=Donald B.|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2013|isbn=9780253008961|editor-last=Titus|editor-first=Alan L.|location=Bloomington|pages=153–194|chapter=Elasmobranchs from Upper Cretaceous Freshwater Facies in Southern Utah|editor-last2=Loewen|editor-first2=Mark A.|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/5063358}}

|C. estesi

|

  • MNA Locality 705
  • MNA Locality 455-1
  • UMNH VP Locality 82

|

|MNA V10230-32, MNA V10384-85, MNA 10390, UMNH VP 18915-16, UMNH VP 18919; teeth

|A nurse shark which inhabited freshwater.

| rowspan="7" |File:Chiloscyllium griseum.jpg)]]File:Hybodus hauffianus.JPG

Chiloscyllium

|C. missouriense

|

  • UMNH VP Locality 77
  • MNA Locality 455-1

|

|MNA V10386, UMNH VP 18880, UMNH VP 18882, UMMNH VP 18886, UMNH VP 18887, UMNH VP 18888; teeth

|A bamboo shark which inhabited freshwater. One specimen is similar to Restesia americana.

Columbusia

|C. deblieuxi

|UMNH VP Locality 77

|

|UMNH VP 18877, UMNH VP 18879, UMNH VP 18836, UMNH VP 18876, UMNH VP 18878; teeth

|A sclerorhynchid ray, closely related to Squatirhina.

Cristomylus

|C. ciffelli

|

  • MNA Locality 456-1
  • UMNH VP Locality 77
  • UMNH VP Locality 82

|

|

  • MNA V9531, MNA V9568, MNA V9600, UMNH VP 17393; symphysial teeth
  • MNA V9502, MNA V9525, MNA V9569, MNA V9633, MNA V9635, MNA V9652, UMNH VP 17393, UMNH VP 17395, UMNH VP 17399, UMNH VP 17404; small teeth
  • MNA V9593, MNA V9683, MNA V9686, UMNH VP 17401; large teeth

|A small guitarfish, suited for handling hard-shelled prey.

Hybodus?{{Cite journal |last1=Maisch |first1=Michael W. |last2=Matzke |first2=Andreas T. |date=2016-06-01 |title=A new hybodontid shark (Chondrichthyes, Hybodontiformes) from the Lower Jurassic Posidonienschiefer Formation of Dotternhausen, SW Germany |url=http://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/njgpa/detail/280/86202/A_new_hybodontid_shark_Chondrichthyes_Hybodontifor?af=crossref |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen |language=en |volume=280 |issue=3 |pages=241–257 |doi=10.1127/njgpa/2016/0577 |issn=0077-7749|url-access=subscription }}

|H. sp

|MNA Locality 456-2

|

|MNA V10387; Tooth

|A large hybodont shark reaching over {{Convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}} in length. Normally a marine species but would enter freshwater environments

Lonchidion

|L. sp.

|UMNH VP Locality 82

|

|UMNH VP 18917; Tooth

|Smaller than Lonchidon selachos.

Texatrygon

|T. brycensis

|

  • UMNH VP Locality 77
  • UMNH VP Locality 82

|

|

  • UMNH VP 18882-83; Rostral teeth
  • UMNH VP 18836, UMNH VP 18885, UMNH VP 18889-94, UMNH VP 18920; Oral teeth
  • UMNH VP 18918; denticle

|A sawfish.

= Osteichthyes =

class="wikitable"

|+

! colspan="7" |Osteichthyes of the Wahweap Formation

Taxon

!Genus

!Locality

!Member

!Material

!Notes

!Images

Lepidotes{{Cite book|last1=Brinkman|first1=Donald B.|title=At the Top of the Grand Staircase: The Late Cretaceous of Southern Utah|last2=Newbrey|first2=Michael G.|last3=Neuman|first3=Andrew G.|last4=Eaton|first4=Jeffrey G.|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2013|isbn=9780253008961|editor-last=Titus|editor-first=Alan L.|location=Bloomington|pages=195–236|chapter=Freshwater Osteichthyes from the Cenomanian to Late Campanian of Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, Utah|editor-last2=Loewen|editor-first2=Mark A.|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289813917}}

|Indeterminate

|

|

|Teeth

|A seminotiform fish, no extant relatives live today.

| rowspan="4" |File:Bonefish Albula vulpes.jpg)]]

Micropycnodon

|M. sp.

|MNA Locality 706-2

|

|MNA V10336; pharyngeal tooth

|A pycnodontiform fish, adapted to crush its prey.

Paralbula

|P. sp.

|

|

|Teeth

|A bonefish which is adapted to eating hard-shelled prey.

Polyodontidae

|Indeterminate

|MNA Locality 456-2

|

|MNA 10356; denticle

|A paddlefish, very rare in the Wahweap Formation.

= Salamanders =

class="wikitable"

|+

! colspan="7" |Lissamphibians of the Wahweap Formation

Taxon

!Species

!Locality

!Member

!Material

!Notes

!Images

Gen. nov.{{Cite book|last1=Gardner|first1=James D.|title=At the Top of the Grand Staircase: The Late Cretaceous of Southern Utah|last2=Eaton|first2=Jeffrey G.|last3=Cifelli|first3=Richard L.|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2013|isbn=9780253008961|editor-last=Titus|editor-first=Alan L.|location=Bloomington|pages=237–272|chapter=Preliminary Report on Salamanders (Lissamphibia; Caudata) from the Late Cretaceous (Late Cenomanian–Late Campanian) of Southern Utah, U.S.A.|editor-last2=Loewen|editor-first2=Mark A.}}

|sp. nov.

|UMNH VP Locality 77

|

|UMNH VP 19209; trunk vertebra

|Higher level relationships are uncertain. Similar to sirenids, but lacks sirenid synapomorphies.

|

Opisthotriton

|O. sp.

|UMNH VP Locality 130

|

|

  • UMNH VP 19194-19198; atlantes
  • UMNH VP 19199-19200; trunk vertebrae

|A batrachosauroidid, a family of extinct aquatic salamanders.

|

Scapherpeton

|S. sp.

|UMNH VP Locality 77

|

|UMNH VP 19186; atlas

|A scapherpetontid.

|

=Dinosaurs=

Dinosaurs known from the Wahweap include at least 2 species of hadrosaur, at least two ceratopsians{{Cite web |date=2007 |title=New Horned Dinosaurs from the Wahweap Formation |url=http://geology.utah.gov/surveynotes/articles/pdf/horned_dinos_39-3.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831105704/http://files.geology.utah.gov/surveynotes/articles/pdf/horned_dinos_39-3.pdf |archive-date=2021-08-31 |website=Utah Geological Survey}} and at least one theropod.John Wesley Powell Memorial Museum display, visited April 30, 2009

class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
colspan="7" align="center" |Dinosaurs of the Wahweap Formation
Taxon

! Species

!Locality

! Member

! Material

! Notes

! Images

Acristavus{{cite journal |last=Gates |first=T.A. |author2=Horner, J.R. |author3=Hanna, R.R. |author4= Nelson, C.R. |year=2011 |title=New unadorned hadrosaurine hadrosaurid (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) from the Campanian of North America |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=798–811 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2011.577854 |bibcode=2011JVPal..31..798G |s2cid=8878474 }}

|

A. gagslarsoni

|"near the junction of Smokey Mountain Road and Right Hand Collet Canyon"

|Upper part of Reynolds Point Member

|UMNH VP 16607; "a partial articulated skull roof including lacrimals and entire braincase, and a single cervical vertebra"

|

A hadrosaurid closely related to Brachylophosaurus and Maiasaura. Also known from the Two Medicine Formation.

| rowspan="13" |File:Acristavus gagslarsoni.jpgFile:Adelolophus LM.pngFile:Brachylophosaurus NT.pngFile:Diabloceratops UDL.pngFile:Lythronax by Tomopteryx.pngFile:Machairoceratops UDL.png

Adelolophus{{Cite book|last1=Gates|first1=Terry A.|title=Hadrosaurs|last2=Jinnah|first2=Zubair|last3=Levitt|first3=Carolyn|last4=Getty|first4=Michael A.|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2014|isbn=9780253013859|editor-last=Eberth|editor-first=David A.|location=|pages=156–173|chapter=New Hadrosaurid (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) Specimens from the Lower—Middle Campanian Wahweap Formation of Southern Utah|editor-last2=Evans|editor-first2=David Christopher|editor-last3=Ralrick|editor-first3=Patricia E.|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290300564}}

|

A. hutchisoni

|UCMP V98173{{Cite journal|last1=Holroyd|first1=Patricia A.|last2=Hutchison|first2=J. Howard|date=2016-06-09|title=Fauna and setting of the Adelolophus hutchisoni type locality in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Wahweap Formation of Utah|url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt8p9448w7/qt8p9448w7.pdf|journal=PaleoBios|language=en|volume=33|pages=|doi=10.5070/P9331031196|issn=0031-0298|via=|doi-access=free}}

|Lower part of Coyote Point Member

|

UCMP 152028; partial {{dinogloss|maxilla}}

|

A lambeosaurine hadrosaurid, possibly a parasaurolophin.

Ankylosauridae{{Cite book|last1=Loewen|first1=Mark A.|title=At the Top of the Grand Staircase-The Late Cretaceous of Southern Utah|last2=Burns|first2=Michael E.|last3=Getty|first3=Michael E.|last4=Kirkland|first4=James I.|last5=Matthew K.|first5=Vickaryous|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2013|isbn=9780253008961|editor-last=Titus|editor-first=Alan L.|location=Bloomington|pages=445–462|chapter=Review of Late Cretaceous Ankylosaurian Dinosaurs from the Grand Staircase Region, Southern Utah|editor-last2=Loewen|editor-first2=Mark A.|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/32383049}}

|Indeterminate

|

|Coyote Point Member

|OMNH 21280 (in part), OMNH 21858, OMNH 24276; Teeth

|

Brachylophosaurus{{Cite book|last1=Gates|first1=Terry A.|title=At the Top of the Grand Staircase: The Late Cretaceous of Southern Utah|last2=Lund|first2=Eric K.|last3=Boyd|first3=C.A.|last4=DeBlieux|first4=Donald D.|last5=Titus|first5=Alan L.|last6=Evans|first6=David C.|last7=Getty|first7=Michael A.|last8=Kirkland|first8=James I.|last9=Eaton|first9=Jeffrey J.|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2013|isbn=9780253008961|editor-last=Titus|editor-first=Alan L.|location=Bloomington|pages=463–481|chapter=Ornithopod Dinosaurs from the Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument Region, Utah, and Their Role in Paleobiogeographic and Macroevolutionary Studies|editor-last2=Loewen|editor-first2=Mark A.|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259970123}}

|Indeterminate

|Death Ridge

|Upper part of Coyote Point Member

|UMNH VP 9548; "Partial limb bones and a partial maxilla"

|Different from Acristavus.

Centrosaurinae{{Cite book|last1=Loewen|first1=Mark A.|title=At the Top of the Grand Staircase: The Late Cretaceous of Southern Utah|last2=Farke|first2=Andrew A.|last3=Sampson|first3=Scott D.|last4=Getty|first4=Michael A.|last5=Lund|first5=Eric K.|last6=O'Connor|first6=Patrick M.|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2013|isbn=9780253008961|editor-last=Titus|editor-first=Alan L.|location=Bloomington|pages=488–503|chapter=Ceratopsid Dinosaurs from the Grand Staircase of Southern Utah|editor-last2=Loewen|editor-first2=Mark A.|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/32383050}}

|Indeterminate

|Nipple Butte

|Upper part of Last Chance Creek Member

|UMNH VP 16704; Partial skull

|Originally referred to Diabloceratops, but is more derived, possibly a nasutoceratopsin.

Centrosaurinae

|Indeterminate

|Pilot Knoll

|Upper part of Last Chance Creek Member

|UMNH VP 20600; "A partial braincase and a nearly complete parietosquamosal frill"

|Also known as "Wahweap Centrosaurine A." Similar to Albertaceratops.

Centrosaurinae

|Indeterminate

|Death Ridge

|Upper part of Coyote Point Member

|UMNH VP 9549; "Partial frill and some postcranial elements"

|Also known as "Wahweap Centrosaurine C." Possibly has spikes similar to Styracosaurus.

Diabloceratops{{Cite book|last1=Kirkland|first1=James I.|title=New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium|last2=Deblieux|first2=Donald D.|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2010|isbn=9780253007797|editor-last=Ryan|editor-first=M.J.|location=Bloomington|pages=117–140|chapter=New basal centrosaurine ceratopsian skulls from the Wahweap Formation (Middle Campanian), Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, southern Utah|editor-last2=Chinnery-Allgeier|editor-first2=B.J.|editor-last3=Eberth|editor-first3=D.A.|chapter-url=https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/942413/Kirkland___DeBlieux_2010__Diabloceratops_preprint_w_figs.pdf?response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DKirkland_J_I_and_DeBlieux_D_D_2010_New_b.pdf&Expires=1612042784&Signature=dRCzcX-hXjqTB4aqUHD4Am1ku4HHnsy499syx5EBl8tH~8FFcGr0X8LXlvJmMd3ayfYgzDCh3z3w9yiWAN35eNc-epBK7c8OlupAAm0mZMA9qWBtWI5KXs8KQu~dzIRdrY0ShOjskJcC1QG-x5DU1GjUUagzDr3yRj-pmXlGbLGCC1t7If25rWiUxtZksnVW-9tedkQ229z5pQ3rPu-mI31s01HL11iF7sKZDaA0yXVl2o2bkE4bCD9GFT8KC56TJDPqiracSIIeWc~5pPcS7z9YncOwh~e04wUgZuVb-LYsquI9qmPZnXjuDcErVdEOoC1z8purZAW1~dD4XCaxGQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA}}

|

D. eatoni

|42Ka800V, south side of Last Chance Canyon

|Middle part of Reynolds Point Member

|

UMNH VP 166999; "a skull preserving the entire left side of the skull and portions of the right side"

|The older specimen from Nipple Butte may not belong to Diabloceratops.

Lythronax{{Cite journal|last1=Loewen|first1=Mark A.|last2=Irmis|first2=Randall B.|last3=Sertich|first3=Joseph J. W.|last4=Currie|first4=Philip J.|last5=Sampson|first5=Scott D.|date=2013-11-06|title=Tyrant Dinosaur Evolution Tracks the Rise and Fall of Late Cretaceous Oceans|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=8|issue=11|pages=e79420|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0079420|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3819173|pmid=24223179|bibcode=2013PLoSO...879420L|doi-access=free}}

|

L. argestes

|UMNH VP Locality 1501

|Lower part of Reynolds Point Member

|UMNH VP 20200; partial skeleton

|

A tyrannosaurine

Machairoceratops{{Cite journal|last1=Lund|first1=Eric K.|last2=O’Connor|first2=Patrick M.|last3=Loewen|first3=Mark A.|last4=Jinnah|first4=Zubair A.|date=2016-05-18|title=A New Centrosaurine Ceratopsid, Machairoceratops cronusi gen et sp. nov., from the Upper Sand Member of the Wahweap Formation (Middle Campanian), Southern Utah|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=11|issue=5|pages=e0154403|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0154403|issn=1932-6203|pmc=4871575|pmid=27192148|bibcode=2016PLoSO..1154403L|doi-access=free}}

|

M. cronusi

|Star Seep

|Coyote Point Member

|

UMNH VP 20550; partial skull

| A centrosaurine closely related to Diabloceratops. Previously known as "Wahweap Centrosaurine B."

Nodosauridae

|Indeterminate

|

|

  • Last Chance Creek Member?
  • Reynolds Point Member
  • Coyote Point Member

|

  • OMNH 21280 (in part), OMNH 21992, OMNH 24278; Teeth
  • UMNH VP 13981, UMNH VP 15664, UMNH VP 16408, UMNH VP 21207; osteoderms
  • a cranium (lost)
  • a partial skeleton

|The skeleton was under excavation as of 2013. The cranium was only tentatively identified as a nodosaurid, but now can't be confirmed.

Pachycephalosauridae{{Cite book|last1=Evans|first1=David C.|title=At the Top of the Grand Staircase: The Late Cretaceous of Southern Utah|last2=Williamson|first2=Thomas|last3=Loewen|first3=Mark A.|last4=Kirkland|first4=James I.|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2013|isbn=9780253008961|editor-last=Titus|editor-first=Alan L.|location=Bloomington|pages=482–487|chapter=Review of Pachycephalosaurian Dinosaurs from Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, Southern Utah|editor-last2=Loewen|editor-first2=Mark A.}}

|Indeterminate

|Clints Cove

|Lower part of Reynolds Point Member

|

  • UMNH VP 11939; incomplete frontoparietal dome
  • some isolated teeth

|The dome doesn't preserve diagnostic features, so its affinity with other pachycephalosaurids is uncertain.

Saurolophinae

|Indeterminate

|

|Reynolds Point Member

|

  • UMNH VP 21087; partial juvenile skeleton
  • UMNH VP 13881; partial adult skeleton

|Probably represents a new distinct taxon.

=Mammals=

Image:Saurornitholestes digging Burrows wahweap.jpgan dinosaur digging a primitive mammal out of its burrow, as per the 2010 discovery by Simpson et al. of trace fossils indicating a predator–prey relationship in the Wahweap Formation.{{Cite journal | doi=10.1130/G31019.1| title=Predatory digging behavior by dinosaurs| journal=Geology| volume=38| issue=8| pages=699–702| year=2010| last1=Simpson| first1=Edward L.| last2=Hilbert-Wolf| first2=Hannah L.| last3=Wizevich| first3=Michael C.| last4=Tindall| first4=Sarah E.| last5=Fasinski| first5=Ben R.| last6=Storm| first6=Lauren P.| last7=Needle| first7=Mattathias D.| bibcode=2010Geo....38..699S}}]]

A fair number of mammals spanning the lower Campanian are known from the Wahweap as well, including at least 15 genera of multituberculates, cladotherians, marsupials, and placental insectivores.Eaton, Jeffrey G; Cifelli, Richard L. "Review of Cretaceous mammalian paleontology; Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, Utah." Abstracts with Programs – Geological Society of America, vol.37, no.7, pp.115, Oct 2005

Trace fossils

Trace fossils are also relatively abundant in the Wahweap, and include vertebrate tracks as well as burrow activity. Tracks preserved in the capping sandstone indicate the presence of crocodylomorphs, which had been previously known in this area only from teeth elements, as well as ornithischian dinosaurs. At least one possible theropod track has been identified in this area as well.Tester, Edward et al. Isolated vertebrate tracks from the Upper Cretaceous capping sandstone member of the Wahweap Formation; Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, Utah Abstracts with Programs – Geological Society of America, vol. 39, no. 5, pp.42, May 2007

In 2010 a unique trace fossil from the Wahweap was discovered that indicates a predator–prey relationship between dinosaurs and primitive mammals. The trace fossil includes at least two fossilized mammalian den complexes as well as associated digging grooves presumably caused by a maniraptoran dinosaur. The proximity indicates a case of probable active predation of the burrow inhabitants by the owners of the claw marks.

See also

{{Portal|Earth sciences|Paleontology|Dinosaurs||}}

References

{{Reflist}}

{{Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument}}

Category:Geologic formations of Arizona

Category:Geologic formations of Utah

Category:Cretaceous Arizona

Category:Cretaceous geology of Utah

Category:Campanian Stage

Category:Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument

Category:Upper Cretaceous Series of North America

Category:Ichnofossiliferous formations

Category:Sandstone formations of the United States