Wall, South Dakota

{{Infobox settlement

|official_name = Wall, South Dakota

|other_name =

|native_name = Makȟóšiča Aglágla Otȟuŋwahe

|nickname =

|settlement_type = Town

|motto =

|image_skyline = Wall, SD.jpg

|imagesize =

|image_caption =

|image_flag =

|flag_size =

|image_seal =

|seal_size =

|image_shield =

|shield_size =

|image_blank_emblem =

|blank_emblem_type =

|blank_emblem_size =

|image_map = Pennington_County_South_Dakota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Wall_Highlighted.svg

|mapsize = 250px

|map_caption = Location in Pennington County and the state of South Dakota

|image_map1 =

|mapsize1 =

|map_caption1 =

|image_dot_map =

|dot_mapsize =

|dot_map_caption =

|dot_x =

|dot_y =

|pushpin_map =

|pushpin_label_position =

|pushpin_map_caption =

|pushpin_mapsize =

| subdivision_type = Country

|subdivision_name = United States

|subdivision_type1 = State

|subdivision_name1 = South Dakota

|subdivision_type2 = County

|subdivision_name2 = Pennington

|subdivision_type3 =

|subdivision_name3 =

|subdivision_type4 =

|subdivision_name4 =

|government_footnotes =

|government_type =

|leader_title =

|leader_name =

|leader_title1 =

|leader_name1 =

|leader_title2 =

|leader_name2 =

|leader_title3 =

|leader_name3 =

|leader_title4 =

|leader_name4 =

|established_title =

|established_date =

|established_title2 =

|established_date2 =

|established_title3 = Incorporated

|established_date3 = 1908{{cite web | title = SD Towns | publisher = South Dakota State Historical Society | access-date = February 17, 2010 | url = http://history.sd.gov/Archives/forms/exhibits/SD%20Towns.pdf}}

|area_magnitude =

|unit_pref = Imperial

|area_footnotes = {{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='46'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 15, 2022}}

|area_total_km2 = 7.02

|area_land_km2 = 6.81

|area_water_km2 = 0.21

|area_total_sq_mi = 2.71

|area_land_sq_mi = 2.63

|area_water_sq_mi = 0.08

|area_water_percent =

|area_urban_km2 =

|area_urban_sq_mi =

|area_metro_km2 =

|area_metro_sq_mi =

|area_blank1_title =

|area_blank1_km2 =

|area_blank1_sq_mi =

|population_as_of = 2020

|population_est =

|pop_est_as_of =

|pop_est_footnotes =

|population_footnotes =

|population_note =

|population_total = 699

|population_density_km2 = 102.62

|population_density_sq_mi = 265.78

|population_metro =

|population_density_metro_km2 =

|population_density_metro_sq_mi =

|population_urban =

|population_density_urban_km2 =

|population_density_urban_sq_mi =

|population_blank1_title =

|population_blank1 =

|population_density_blank1_km2 =

|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =

|timezone = Mountain (MST)

| utc_offset = −7

|timezone_DST = MDT

| utc_offset_DST = −6

|coordinates = {{coord|43|59|38|N|102|14|42|W|region:US-SD_type:city|display=inline,title}}

|elevation_footnotes =

|elevation_ft = 2815

|postal_code_type = ZIP code

|postal_code = 57790

|area_code = 605

|blank_name = FIPS code

|blank_info = 46-68380

|blank1_name = GNIS feature ID

|blank1_info = 1267622{{GNIS|1267622}}

|website = [https://www.wallsd.us/ Wall, SD]

|footnotes =

}}

Wall (Lakota: Makȟóšiča Aglágla Otȟuŋwahe,{{cite book |last=Ullrich |first=Jan F. |title=New Lakota Dictionary |url=http://www.lakotadictionary.org/nldo.php |edition=2nd |year=2011 |publisher=Lakota Language Consortium |location=Bloomington, IN |isbn=978-0-9761082-9-0 |page=1140}} "Town alongside the Badlands") is a town in Pennington County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 699 at the 2020 census.{{cite web |title=U.S. Census Bureau: Wall town, South Dakota |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US4668380 |website=www.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=March 19, 2022 |language=en}}

History

File:Early Launch Control Facility Wall SD.jpg Bravo-01, about 4 miles west of Wall]]

Wall was platted in 1907 when the Chicago and North Western Railroad was extended to that point.{{cite book|last=Hellmann|first=Paul T.|title=Historical Gazetteer of the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=REtEXQNWq6MC&pg=PA1000|date=February 14, 2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=1-135-94859-3|page=1000}} The town was incorporated in 1908.{{cite web| url=http://www.city-data.com/city/Wall-South-Dakota.html|title=Wall, South Dakota|publisher= City-Data.com|access-date=August 5, 2012}} Wall was named for the "natural wall" in rock formations by the Badlands National Park.{{cite book |author=Federal Writers' Project |author-link=Federal Writers' Project |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iEwwIrI5LTAC&pg=PA290 |title=A South Dakota Guide |publisher=WPA |year=1938 |isbn= |page=290}}

The town is most famous for the Wall Drug Store, which opened as a small pharmacy in 1931 during the Depression, but eventually developed into a large roadside tourist attraction.{{cite book|author=Let's Go Inc.|title=Roadtripping USA|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=69z1qsLK_qkC&pg=PA264|date=March 31, 2009|publisher=St. Martin's Press|isbn=978-0-312-38583-5|page=264}}

The National Grasslands Visitor Center is also located in Wall.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of {{convert|2.22|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|2.17|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.05|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=June 21, 2012}}

File:Wall Drug.JPG

The town is located on the eastern side of Pennington County across the Cheyenne River, thus being the largest settlement in the area.

Demographics

{{US Census population

|1910= 167

|1920= 224

|1930= 326

|1940= 500

|1950= 556

|1960= 629

|1970= 786

|1980= 770

|1990= 834

|2000= 818

|2010= 766

|2020= 699

|align-fn=center

|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=United States Census Bureau|author-link=United States Census Bureau|access-date=September 21, 2013}}{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:46&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 15, 2022}}

}}

=2010 census=

At the 2010 census there were 766 people, 359 households, and 212 families in the town. The population density was {{convert|353.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 436 housing units at an average density of {{convert|200.9|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the town was 88.9% White, 0.1% African American, 7.0% Native American, 0.1% Asian, and 3.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.0%.{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=June 21, 2012}}

Of the 359 households 21.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.6% were married couples living together, 4.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.9% were non-families. 39.6% of households were one person and 18.1% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.82.

The median age in the town was 47.1 years. 21.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.7% were from 25 to 44; 31.8% were from 45 to 64; and 19.6% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the town was 50.4% male and 49.6% female.

=2000 census=

At the 2000 census, there were 818 people, 349 households, and 212 families residing in Wall. The population density was {{convert|404.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 438 housing units at an average density of {{convert|216.4|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the town was 91.44% White, 0.24% African American, 6.11% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.49% Pacific Islander, 0.24% from other races, and 1.34% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 0.73% of the population.

Of the 349 households 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.3% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.0% were non-families. 35.0% of households were one person and 16.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 3.03.

The age distribution was 25.9% under 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 20.5% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 18.1% who were 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.8 males.

The median household income was $36,563, and the median family income was $45,417. Males had a median income of $29,286 versus $19,821 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,848. About 5.8% of families and 8.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.4% of those under age 18 and 12.8% of those age 65 or over.

File:Wall South Dakota Post office 2009-04-21.jpg

Transportation

The Wall Municipal Airport is a general aviation airport located less than a mile northwest of Wall. The airport is owned by the City of Wall.{{Cite web|url=https://www.airnav.com/airport/6V4|title = AirNav: 6V4 - Wall Municipal Airport}}{{cite web|url=https://www.wallsd.us/index.asp?SEC=FE613C48-25D2-4FB7-91A3-5C95BF1F53A9&DE=29BB89CC-36CC-4827-AEF7-2E34917509D5|title=Wall Municipal Airport - Services - Wall, South Dakota|access-date=August 6, 2023}}

Intercity bus service to the city is provided by Jefferson Lines.{{cite web|url=https://www.jeffersonlines.com/bus-stops/south-dakota/|title=South Dakota Bus Stops|access-date=July 20, 2023}}

Education

The school district is Wall School District 51-5.{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st46_sd/schooldistrict_maps/c46103_pennington/DC20SD_C46103.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Pennington County, SD|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=2024-09-27}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st46_sd/schooldistrict_maps/c46103_pennington/DC20SD_C46103_SD2MS.txt Text list]