Wallace O. Fenn

{{Infobox scientist

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| birth_date = {{birth date |1893|4|27}}

| birth_place = Lanesborough, Massachusetts

| death_date = {{death date and age |1971|9|20|1893|4|27}}

| death_place = Rochester, New York

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| fields = Physiology

| workplaces = University of Rochester

| education = Harvard University

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| known_for = Muscle physiology

| awards = Feltrinelli Prize, Guggenheim award of the International Academy of Astronautics

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Wallace Osgood Fenn (April 27, 1893 – September 20, 1971) was a physiologist, chairman of the department of physiology at the University of Rochester from 1925 to 1959. He also headed the University's Space and Science center from 1964 to 1966. He was also the president of the American Physiological Society, the president of the American Institute of Biological Sciences, and the president of the International Union of Physiological Science. His work on heat generated by muscles, oxygen use by the nervous system, and potassium equilibrium in muscle, as well as pressure breathing and nitrogen narcosis, was recognized internationally. The New York Times called him a "leading physiologist". Other recognitions includes honorary degrees from the University of Chicago, the University of Brussels and from the University of Paris, as well as the following awards: Feltrinell International Prize for Experimental Medicine and the Guggenheim award of the International Academy of Astronautics.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/07/31/archives/us-physiologist-gets-64-astronautics-award-prof-wallace-o-fenn.html|title=U.S. Physiologist Gets '64 Astronautics Award|date=July 31, 1964|work=The New York Times|page=4|accessdate=15 December 2011}}{{cite news|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0716FA385C1A7493C0AB1782D85F458785F9|title=Wallace O. Fenn, Physiologist, 78|date=September 22, 1971|work=The New York Times|page=50|accessdate=15 December 2011}}{{cite book|last=Rahn|first=Hermann|title=Biographical Memoirs|url=http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=573&page=140|accessdate=15 December 2011|year=1979|publisher=National Academy of Sciences|isbn=0-309-02549-4|pages=140–173|chapter=Wallace Osgood Fenn}}{{cite web|url=http://www.the-aps.org/about/pres/introwof.htm|title=19th APS President (1946-1948): Wallace O. Fenn (1893-1971)|publisher=American Physiological Society|accessdate=15 December 2011|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20040109021708/http://www.the-aps.org/about/pres/introwof.htm|url-status=dead|archivedate=9 January 2004}}{{cite journal|last=Otis|first=Arthur|year=1998|journal=Journal of Applied Physiology|volume=85|issue=1|pages=43–45|pmid=9655752|url=http://jap.physiology.org/content/85/1/43.full|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201414/http://jap.physiology.org/content/85/1/43.full|archivedate=4 March 2016|url-status=live|title=Wallace Fenn and the Journal of Applied Physiology|doi=10.1152/jappl.1998.85.1.43 |doi-access=free}}

Biography

Fenn was born in Lanesborough, Massachusetts. He graduated from Harvard University with an A.B. degree in 1914. His graduate work and Ph.D. thesis were interrupted by World War I, and he finished it upon return from the army in 1919. He was an instructor at Harvard Medical School from 1919 to 1923. He then studied at the Rockefeller Institute for two years. Subsequently, he assumed his position as the chairman of the department of physiology at the University of Rochester, where he stayed until 1959. He specialized in the physiology of runners, then in aviation, and later in space exploration. The American Physiological Society obituary described him as "[a] sincerely modest man [who] avoided the spotlight and never dominated a meeting or conversation, but he was forceful when required and had a warm, outgoing nature with a delightful sense of humor".

Chronology

1893: Born August 27 in Lanesboro, Massachusetts
1910: Graduated from Cambridge Latin School, Cambridge, Mass
1914: A.B., Harvard University
1916: A.M., Harvard University
1917–1918: Second Lieutenant, US Army, Sanitary Corps
1919: Ph.D., Harvard University (Plant Physiology)
1919–1922: Instructor in Applied Physiology, Harvard Medical School
1922–1924: Trabeling Fellow, Rockefeller Institute
1924–1959: Professor and Chairman of Physiology, The University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
1962–1966: Director, Space Science Center, The University of Rochester
1961–1971: Distinguished Professor of Physiology
1971: Died September 20 in Rochester, New York, after a brief illness

Awards

1943: National Academy of Sciences, Elected Member{{cite web |title=Wallace O. Fenn |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/20001808.html |website=nasonline.org |publisher=National Academy of Sciences |access-date=6 May 2022}}
1946: American Philosophical Society, Elected Member{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Wallace+Fenn&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=2023-03-23 |website=search.amphilsoc.org}}
1948: American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Elected Member{{Cite web |title=Wallace Osgood Fenn |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/wallace-osgood-fenn |access-date=2023-03-23 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |date=9 February 2023 |language=en}}
1949: John Frederick Lewis Award, American Philosophical Society
1958: Fold Medal Award, University of Rochester Medical Alumni Association
1961: Certificate of Merit, Rochester Academy of Medicine
1964: Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Award, International Academy of Astronautics
1964: Antonio Feltrinelli International Prize for Experimental Medicine, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome[http://www.lincei.it/premi/assegnati_feltrinelli.php?PHPSESSID=f0e8178fbbdc12616354b93a6efabe45 Feltrinelli Prize Winners]
1967: Research Achievement Award, American Heart Association
1971: Johannes Muller Medallion, The German Physiological Society
1971: Ville de Monaco Medal

Honorary degrees

1950: University of Chicago, D.Sc
1959: Universidad San Marcos, Peru, Catedratico
1960: Universote de Paris, Docteur
1965: Eniversite Libre de Bruxelles, Docteur
1965: The University of Rochester, D.Sc

Notable publications

Respiration: 10 editions published between 1964 and 1976 in English and held in 278 libraries worldwide
History of the American Physiological Society; the third quarter century, 1937–1962: 4 editions published in 1963 in English and held in 190 libraries worldwide
History of the International Congresses of Physiological Sciences, 1889–1968: 7 editions published between 1968 and 1969 in English and held in 159 libraries worldwide
Muscle: 1 edition published in 1941 in English and held in 33 libraries worldwide

Other publications:

Daggs, R. G. Wallace O. Fenn, 1893–1971. Physiologist 14: 301–303, 1971.
Physiology on horseback. Past-president's address. Am. J. Physiol. 159: 551–555, 1949.
Fenn, W. O. Born fifty years too soon. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 24: 1–10, 1962.
Fenn, W. O. History of the American Physiological Society: The Third Quarter Century, 1937–1962. Washington, DC: Am. Physiol. Soc., 1963.
Fenn, W. O. (Editor) History of the International Congresses of Physiological Sciences, 1889–1968. Washington, DC: Am. Physiol. Soc., 1968.
Rahn, H. Wallace O. Fenn, president of the American Physiological Society, 1946–1948. Physiologist 19: 1–10, 1976.
Rahn, H. Wallace Osgood Fenn, August 27, 1893 – September 20, 1971. Biogr. Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 50: 141–173, 1979.