Walrus-class submarine (1953)
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
| {{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image |Ship image= File:Aankomst Hr Ms Zeeleeuw (rechts) en Walrus (links) in Rotterdam, Bestanddeelnr 909-3968.jpg |Ship caption=Walrus and Zeeleeuw }} {{Infobox ship class overview | Name = Walrus class | Builders = Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company, Manitowoc | Operators = {{navy|Netherlands}} | Class before = | Class after = Zwaardvis class | Subclasses = | Cost = | Built range = | In commission range = | Total ships building = | Total ships planned = | Total ships completed = | Total ships cancelled = | Total ships active = | Total ships laid up = | Total ships lost = | Total ships retired = | Total ships scrapped = | Total ships preserved = }} {{Infobox ship characteristics | Hide header = | Header caption =van Amstel (1991), p. 56.Jalhay (1982), p. 127. | Ship type = Diesel-electric Submarine | Ship displacement =*{{cvt|1840|t|LT}} surfaced
| Ship length = {{cvt|93.6|m|ftin}} | Ship beam = {{cvt|8.3|m|ftin}} | Ship height = | Ship draught = | Ship draft = {{convert|4.6|m|ftin}} | Ship decks = | Ship deck clearance = | Ship ramps = | Ship ice class = | Ship power = | Ship propulsion = *2 propellers
| Ship speed =*{{convert|19|kn}} surfaced
| Ship range = | Ship endurance = | Ship boats = | Ship capacity = | Ship troops = | Ship complement = | Ship crew = 79 | Ship time to activate = | Ship sensors = | Ship EW = | Ship armament = *10 x 53.3 cm torpedo tubes
| Ship armour = | Ship aircraft = | Ship aircraft facilities = | Ship notes = }} |
The Walrus class was a class of two submarines that served between 1953 and 1971 in the Royal Netherlands Navy.Raven (1988), p. 179.Schoonoord (2012), p. 318. They were former Balao class submarines that were loaned to the Netherlands by the United States under the Mutual Defense Assistance Program (MDAP).Nooteboom (2001), pp. 36–38.
Background
After the Second World War the Royal Netherlands Navy (RNN) was left with several old and obsolete submarines.de Bles, Boven and Homburg (2006), p. 101Nooteboom (2001), pp. 13–14. While the RNN made several plans to modernize the submarine fleet, it took many years till these plans resulted in the construction and commissioning of new submarines.Jalhay (1982), p. 63. In the meanwhile the RNN tried to loan some of the surplus submarines that allies such as the United Kingdom and United States (US) had.de Bles, Boven and Homburg (2006), p. 102.Nooteboom (2001), p. 38. In the early 1950s this led to the US loaning two submarines to the Netherlands under the Mutual Defense Assistance Program (MDAP), which together would later form the Walrus class.Jalhay (1982), p. 124. Initially the US agreed to loan the two submarines for a duration of five years, however, this was extended twice with five years.
Design and construction
The two submarines of the Walrus class were built in the US by the Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company. They were originally Balao class submarines that had served in the United States Navy (USN).Nooteboom (2001), p. 67. Before both submarines were transferred from the USN to the RNN they had undergone an extensive modernization known as Greater Underwater Propulsion Power Program (GUPPY).
= Propulsion =
Both Walrus class submarines were equipped with four 16 cylinder two-stroke GMC diesel engines that were capable of delivering around 6500 hp when surfaced and 2700 hp when submerged.Bosscher and Bussemaker (2007), pp. 86–87. This allowed the two submarines to reach a speed of 19 kn when surfaced and 12 kn when submerged. Furthermore, they each had two propellers and two 126 cells batteries. The batteries had a capacity of 10.500 Ah and allowed the Walrus class submarines to operate solely on electric power for 5 hours.
= Armaments =
When it came to armaments both submarines were equipped with a total of ten 53.3 cm torpedo tubes of which six were located at the front and four at the rear. In addition, there was enough room to store 24 torpedoes inside the submarines.
Service history
In the early 1960s the Walrus class submarines patrolled the waters in Dutch New Guinea and were stationed at Manokwari and Biak.de Bles, Boven and Homburg (2006), p. 103.Schoonoord (2012), pp. 130–131.Jalhay (1982), pp. 125–126.
Ships in class
| class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%;" |
| Ship
! Pennant No. ! width="90" |Commissioned ! Fate |
|---|
| Walrus
| S802 | 21 February 1953 | Returned to the United States Navy on 23 July 1971.Jalhay (1982), p. 125. |
| Zeeleeuw
| S803 | 21 April 1953 | Returned to the United States Navy on 3 April 1970 and later sold to Trans Trading N.V. on 24 November 1970 for 313.013 Dutch guilders.Jalhay (1982), p. 126. |
Notes
=Citations=
{{reflist}}
References
- {{cite book |last=Schoonoord |first=D.C.L. |date=2012 |title=Pugno pro patria: de Koninklijke Marine tijdens de Koude Oorlog |language=Dutch|edition= |location=Franeker |publisher=Van Wijnen |page= |isbn=978-90-5194-455-6}}
- {{cite book |last=van Amstel |first=W.H.E. |date=1991 |title=De schepen van de Koninklijke Marine vanaf 1945 |language=Dutch|edition= |location=Alkmaar |publisher=De Alk |page= |isbn=90-6013-997-6}}
- {{cite book |editor-last=Raven |editor-first=G.J.A. |date=1988 |title=De kroon op het anker: 175 jaar Koninklijke Marine |language=Dutch|edition= |location=Amsterdam |publisher=De Bataafsche Leeuw |page= |isbn=90-6707-200-1}}
- {{cite book |last1=Bosscher |first1=Ph.M. |last2=Bussemaker |first2=H.O. |date=2007 |title=Gelouterd door strijd: De Nederlandse Onderzeedienst tot de val van Java, 1942 |language=Dutch |edition= |location=Amsterdam |publisher=De Bataafsche Leeuw |page= |isbn=978-90-6707-614-2}}
- {{cite book |last=Nooteboom |first=S.G. |date=2001 |title=Deugdelijke schepen: marinescheepsbouw 1945-1995 |language=Dutch|edition= |location=Zaltbommel |publisher=Europese Bibliotheek |page= |isbn=90-288-2637-8}}
- {{cite book |last1=de Bles |first1=Harry |last2=Boven |first2=Graddy |last3=Homburg |first3=Leon |date=2006 |title=Onderzeeboten! |language=Dutch|edition= |location=Zaltbommel |publisher=Aprilis |page= |isbn=978-90-5994-130-4}}
- {{cite book |last=Jalhay |first=P.C. |date=1982 |title=Nederlandse Onderzeedienst 75 jaar |language=Dutch |edition= |location=Bussum |publisher=De Boer Maritiem |page= |isbn=90-228-1864-0}}
{{Balao class submarine}}
{{Post1945DutchShips}}