Wapato, Washington

The town was founded in 1885 by Indian Postmaster Alexander McCredy as a railroad stop on the Northern Pacific Railroad as Simcoe, Washington. The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 allowed the government to subdivide the Yakama Indian Reservation tribal communal landholdings into allotments for Native American heads of families and individuals. The selling of these allotments drew settlers into the area. With the construction of the Irwin Canal in 1896, agriculture became the big business in town. In the early 1900s, McCredy and George Rankin established the Wapato Development Company and laid out the town site. They established the town's first bank and began selling lots. In response to persistent confusion with nearby Fort Simcoe, the town changed its name to Wapato in 1903. The 1906 Jones Act further encouraged Anglos to purchase land from the Yakamas. Wapato was officially incorporated on September 16, 1908, with a population of around 300 people.

The name wapato comes from the Chinook Jargon word for an edible root, probably originally derived from the Upper Chinook language.{{cite book |last= Bright |first= William |title= Native American Placenames of the United States |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=5XfxzCm1qa4C&pg=PA547 |access-date=February 1, 2023 |year= 2004 |publisher= University of Oklahoma Press |page= 547|isbn= 9780806135984}}

As early as 1905, many Japanese people also began to migrate to the city, mainly from Hawaii. From 1916 to 1918, "Japanese Town" developed along present-day West 2nd Street. With more than 1,000 Japanese then living in the Yakima Valley, the community soon became a center of Washington's Japanese population, second only to Seattle. The Yakima Buddhist Bussei Kaikan (1936–1941), on West 2nd Street, was an architecturally noteworthy building built by members of the congregation.{{cite web|author=Heather M. MacIntosh, November 03, 1998 |url=http://historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=139 |title=the Free Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History |publisher=HistoryLink.org |date=November 3, 1998 |access-date=January 30, 2014}}

A mob including police attacked dozens of African Americans at a railroad camp in Wapato on July 9, 1938. African American residents in town were also driven out.{{cite web | url=https://depts.washington.edu/civilr/kkk_yakima.htm | title=The Ku Klux Klan and Vigilante Culture in Yakima Valley - Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project }} After World War II broke out, Wapato's Japanese language school (which had about 200 students) and several Japanese residences were burned by arsonists.{{cite book |title=Issei: A History of Japanese Immigrants in North America |publisher=Executive Committee for Publication |location=Seattle |last=Ito |first=Kazuo|year=1973 |pages=603–604|asin=B000IXEZ4G}} Executive Order 9066 forced the Japanese to evacuate from Wapato in 1942 and many residents were sent to internment camps.{{Cite news |last=Qin |first=Amy |date=November 10, 2022 |title=A Japanese American Family, a Native American Tribe and a Bountiful Friendship |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/10/us/yakama-nation-japanese-farm.html |access-date=November 10, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}

During World War II, much of the labor in the orchards and fields around Wapato came from either Germans held in a POW camp between Wapato and Toppenish, or from Japanese still being held in internment camps. At the end of the war, a labor shortage created a void readily filled by Hispanic migrant workers, and the Bracero Program (a guest-worker program agreed to by the US and Mexico during World War II). These events significantly changed Wapato's cultural history.

Through the 1970s and into 1990, Wapato produced some of the largest volume potato and apple crops, as tonnage per acre.{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}}

Today, Wapato boasts one of the most Hispanic populations in Washington State (76% in the 2000 census). In recent times both Anglo and Hispanic residents have described Wapato as a "Mexican Town".{{cite web|last=Guzman |first=Gonzalo |url=http://historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=7937 |title=the Free Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History |publisher=HistoryLink.org |date=September 16, 2006 |access-date=January 30, 2014}}

In 2012, Wapato allowed strip clubs into the city, in the words of one resident, "to put Wapato on the map."{{cite web|url=http://www.kimatv.com/home/video/Will-Wapato-be-the-place-to-go-for-strip-clubs-180305541.html |title=Will Wapato have the first strip clubs in the valley? | Top Video | KIMA CBS 29 - News, Weather and Sports - Yakima, WA |publisher=Kimatv.com |access-date=January 30, 2014}}

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|1.17|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all land.{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=December 19, 2012}} The community is within the external boundaries of the Yakama Indian Reservation.Yakama Nation. [http://www.ynwildlife.org/pdf/Yakama-Nation-Hunting-Map-2016-2017-DRAFT-page-1.pdf]. Retrieved on August 29, 2016.Shapiro, Nina. "Welcome to Mi Pueblito, Washington." Houston Press. Thursday July 15, 2010. [http://www.houstonpress.com/2010-07-15/news/welcome-to-mi-pueblito-washington/2 2]. Retrieved on July 16, 2010.

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Wapato has a cold semi-arid climate, abbreviated "BSk" on climate maps.

{{Weather box

|location = Wapato (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1915–2013)

|single line = Y

|collapsed = Y

|Jan record high F = 68

|Feb record high F = 72

|Mar record high F = 86

|Apr record high F = 94

|May record high F = 102

|Jun record high F = 104

|Jul record high F = 110

|Aug record high F = 106

|Sep record high F = 101

|Oct record high F = 89

|Nov record high F = 75

|Dec record high F = 68

|year record high F = 110

|Jan avg record high F = 57.1

|Feb avg record high F = 60.1

|Mar avg record high F = 70.9

|Apr avg record high F = 80.4

|May avg record high F = 90.2

|Jun avg record high F = 95.6

|Jul avg record high F = 101.7

|Aug avg record high F = 100.2

|Sep avg record high F = 93.2

|Oct avg record high F = 80.5

|Nov avg record high F = 64.7

|Dec avg record high F = 55.4

|year avg record high F = 102.4

|Jan high F = 39.3

|Feb high F = 47.5

|Mar high F = 56.9

|Apr high F = 65.2

|May high F = 74.5

|Jun high F = 81.2

|Jul high F = 90.2

|Aug high F = 88.8

|Sep high F = 80.3

|Oct high F = 65.9

|Nov high F = 49.5

|Dec high F = 38.5

|year high F = 64.8

|Jan mean F = 31.8

|Feb mean F = 36.9

|Mar mean F = 44.8

|Apr mean F = 52.0

|May mean F = 60.5

|Jun mean F = 67.2

|Jul mean F = 74.7

|Aug mean F = 73.2

|Sep mean F = 64.5

|Oct mean F = 51.6

|Nov mean F = 39.1

|Dec mean F = 30.9

|year mean F = 52.3

|Jan low F = 24.4

|Feb low F = 26.3

|Mar low F = 32.6

|Apr low F = 38.7

|May low F = 46.6

|Jun low F = 53.3

|Jul low F = 59.2

|Aug low F = 57.7

|Sep low F = 48.8

|Oct low F = 37.3

|Nov low F = 28.7

|Dec low F = 23.3

|year low F = 39.7

|Jan avg record low F = 9.1

|Feb avg record low F = 14.4

|Mar avg record low F = 22.0

|Apr avg record low F = 28.6

|May avg record low F = 33.0

|Jun avg record low F = 41.4

|Jul avg record low F = 46.6

|Aug avg record low F = 46.3

|Sep avg record low F = 39.2

|Oct avg record low F = 24.0

|Nov avg record low F = 15.6

|Dec avg record low F = 10.1

|year avg record low F = 2.1

|Jan record low F = -22

|Feb record low F = -21

|Mar record low F = 6

|Apr record low F = 18

|May record low F = 26

|Jun record low F = 33

|Jul record low F = 36

|Aug record low F = 35

|Sep record low F = 23

|Oct record low F = 12

|Nov record low F = -9

|Dec record low F = -27

|year record low F = -27

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation inch = 1.10

|Feb precipitation inch = 0.61

|Mar precipitation inch = 0.56

|Apr precipitation inch = 0.56

|May precipitation inch = 0.83

|Jun precipitation inch = 0.54

|Jul precipitation inch = 0.24

|Aug precipitation inch = 0.23

|Sep precipitation inch = 0.23

|Oct precipitation inch = 0.64

|Nov precipitation inch = 0.92

|Dec precipitation inch = 1.36

|year precipitation inch = 7.82

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in

|Jan precipitation days = 8.5

|Feb precipitation days = 5.9

|Mar precipitation days = 5.6

|Apr precipitation days = 5.2

|May precipitation days = 6.4

|Jun precipitation days = 4.5

|Jul precipitation days = 2.6

|Aug precipitation days = 2.2

|Sep precipitation days = 3.1

|Oct precipitation days = 5.9

|Nov precipitation days = 8.2

|Dec precipitation days = 9.5

|year precipitation days = 67.6

|Jan snow inch = 5.2

|Feb snow inch = 1.1

|Mar snow inch = 0.3

|Apr snow inch = 0.0

|May snow inch = 0.0

|Jun snow inch = 0.0

|Jul snow inch = 0.0

|Aug snow inch = 0.0

|Sep snow inch = 0.0

|Oct snow inch = 0.2

|Nov snow inch = 1.6

|Dec snow inch = 12.0

|year snow inch = 20.4

|unit snow days = 0.1 in

|Jan snow days = 3.5

|Feb snow days = 0.9

|Mar snow days = 0.2

|Apr snow days = 0.0

|May snow days = 0.0

|Jun snow days = 0.0

|Jul snow days = 0.0

|Aug snow days = 0.0

|Sep snow days = 0.0

|Oct snow days = 0.1

|Nov snow days = 0.7

|Dec snow days = 3.7

|year snow days = 9.1

|source 1 = NOAA{{cite web

|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00458959&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL

|title = WAPATO, WA US USC00458959

|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

|access-date = June 5, 2023

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230605083642/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00458959&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL

|archive-date = June 5, 2023}}

|source 2 = WRCC{{Cite web

|url=https://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?wa8959

|title=WAPATO, WASHINGTON (458959)

|access-date=November 18, 2015

|publisher=Western Regional Climate Center}}}}

{{US Census population

|1910= 400

|1920= 1128

|1930= 1222

|1940= 1483

|1950= 3185

|1960= 3137

|1970= 2841

|1980= 3307

|1990= 3795

|2000= 4582

|2010= 4997

|2020= 4607

|estyear=2022

|estimate=4513

|estref={{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |date=November 4, 2023|title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2022|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=November 4, 2023}}

|align-fn=center

|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=United States Census Bureau|author-link=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 21, 2014}}
2020 Census

}}

For decades Wapato attracted Filipino Americans, Hispanic Americans, Japanese Americans, and Native Americans. Older white residents died and entered nursing homes in larger cities, while younger whites moved to attend school and did not return to the community. Hispanic immigrants arrived for agricultural jobs and the small town lifestyle. In 1952, the Filipino community established the Yakima Valley Filipino Community Hall in Wapato, the first facility of its kind in the Western United States.{{cite news |last=Ferolito |first=Phil |date=March 27, 2019 |title=Filipino community celebrates its history in the Yakima Valley |url=https://www.yakimaherald.com/news/local/filipino-community-celebrates-its-history-in-the-yakima-valley/article_d019b9be-50e9-11e9-9866-0f67be0a623a.html |work=Yakima Herald-Republic |accessdate=January 11, 2024}} The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2024.{{cite news |last=Ferolito |first=Phil |date=January 7, 2024 |title=Filipino Community Hall in Wapato now on National Register of Historic Places |url=https://www.yakimaherald.com/news/local/filipino-community-hall-in-wapato-now-on-national-register-of-historic-places/article_f8fd3f82-ac19-11ee-b2c3-4b1abed5e10a.html |work=Yakima Herald-Republic |accessdate=January 11, 2024}}

As of the 2010 census, there were 4,997 people, 1,240 households, and 1,045 families living in the city. The population density was {{convert|4270.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 1,293 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1105.1|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 17.2% White, 0.3% African American, 6.6% Native American, 1.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 70.6% from other races, and 3.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 84.2% of the population.

There were 1,240 households, of which 64.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.1% were married couples living together, 22.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 10.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 15.7% were non-families. 11.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.88 and the average family size was 4.12.

The median age in the city was 24.9 years. 37% of residents were under the age of 18; 13.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.2% were from 25 to 44; 16.1% were from 45 to 64; and 6.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.5% male and 49.5% female.

As of the 2000 census, there were 4,582 people, 1,198 households, and 971 families living in the city. The population density was 4,725.2 people per square mile (1,823.8/km²). There were 1,267 housing units at an average density of 1,306.6 per square mile (504.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 25.51% White, 0.50% African American, 9.34% Native American, 1.53% Asian, 57.57% from other races, and 5.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 76.21% of the population.

There were 1,198 households, out of which 53.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.6% were married couples living together, 19.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.9% were non-families. 15.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.73 and the average family size was 4.10.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 38.2% under the age of 18, 12.1% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 14.7% from 45 to 64, and 8.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $25,804, and the median income for a family was $26,378. Males had a median income of $18,333 versus $19,375 for females. The per capita income for the city was $9,451. About 32.2% of families and 34.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 41.6% of those under age 18 and 12.7% of those age 65 or over.

Public education is provided by the Wapato School District, also known as Wapato Public Schools, which operates six schools.

• Wapato High School
• Wapato Middle School
• Pace High School
• Adams Elementary
• Satus Elementary
• Camas Elementary
• Simcoe Elementary

• Deb Manjarrez, politician

{{Reflist}}

{{Portal|United States}}

{{commons category}}

• {{Official website|https://wapato-city.org/}}

{{Yakima County, Washington}}

{{Washington}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Cities in Yakima County, Washington

Category:Cities in Washington (state)

Category:Japanese-American culture in Washington (state)

Category:Populated places on the Yakima River

Category:Washington (state) placenames of Native American origin