Wars of Kappel
{{Short description|Series of armed conflicts}}
{{Reformation|expanded=Political and religious conflicts}}
The wars of Kappel (Kappelerkriege) is a collective term for two armed conflicts fought near Kappel am Albis between the Catholic and the Protestant cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy during the Reformation in Switzerland.
== First War ==
{{Main|First War of Kappel}}
The first conflict saw the establishment of the Christian Union (formed of cantons Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, and Zug) in order to stop the spread of Protestantism throughout Switzerland.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Kappel wars "...Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, and Zug, formed the Christian Union|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Kappel-Wars|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-06-07|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}} The union was a rejection of Swiss leader Ulrich Zwingli's attempts at forced reformation.{{Cite web|title=WHKMLA : First War of Kappel|url=https://www.zum.de/whkmla/military/16cen/kappel1.html|access-date=2020-06-07|website=www.zum.de}}
= Events =
In 1529, after enlisting the help of the leaders of the forest cantons,The forest cantons - or "Waldkantone" - refer to the four heavily forested and mountainous cantons at the shore of Lake Lucerne, namely Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden and Lucerne. Lucerne, though quite flat otherwise, has a heavily forested bight at Lake Lucerne; and Unterwalden has later split into Obwalden and Nidwalden. Zwingli attempted to reform the cantons by force. However, the winning diplomacy of the Union forced the Protestants to not cross the border, postponing the conflict until 1531.
Second War
{{Main|Second War of Kappel}}
The canton of Zürich was the principal supporter of Zwingli and the movement of Swiss reformation. When they fought the Musso War against the Duchy of Milan, the member states of the Catholic Union refused to provide aid. Zwingli immediately sanctioned the Catholic cantons.