Watson C. Squire

Born in Cape Vincent, New York, Squire attended the public schools, Falley Seminary (in Fulton, New York) and Fairfield Seminary (Herkimer County, New York). He graduated from Wesleyan University in 1859 and was principal of the Moravia Institute.

During the Civil War, Squire enlisted in Company F, Nineteenth Regiment, New York Volunteer Infantry, in 1861; he was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant, and was mustered out the same year. He graduated from Cleveland Law School in 1862 and was admitted to the bar the same year, commencing practice in Cleveland, Ohio.

He rejoined the Union Army, soon thereafter, when the Union called for more men. Upon raising and organizing the 7th Independent Company of the Ohio Sharpshooters, Squire was commissioned a captain in 1862.{{cite web |url=http://www.newyorkancestry.com/Famous%20Folks/Soldiers%20and%20Spies%20master%20list/Watson%20Carvosso%20Squire.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714175047/http://www.newyorkancestry.com/Famous%20Folks/Soldiers%20and%20Spies%20master%20list/Watson%20Carvosso%20Squire.htm |archive-date=2011-07-14 |title=Watson C. Squire |work=Famous People of New York |first=Patricia R. |last=James |date=December 2005 |publisher=The Family Tree}} He served with the Seventh Ohio Sharpshooters until 1865. During the Civil War, Squire participated in the battles of Nashville, Chickamauga, Resaca, and Missionary Ridge. During the latter campaign, "Squire served as judge advocate of the general courts martial. Later Squire was made judge advocate of the district of Tennessee," with headquarters in Nashville.{{cite web |url=http://www.lib.washington.edu/specialcoll/findaids/docs/papersrecords/SquireWatson4004.xml |title=Guide to the Watson C. Squire Papers |publisher=University Libraries, University of Washington |access-date=November 4, 2012}} "He served on the staff of Major General Rousseau as judge advocate and also under Major General Thomas during the siege and battle of Nashville." In 1865, he was discharged with the rank of captain and was subsequently Brevetted major, lieutenant colonel, and colonel.

From 1865 to 1879, Squire was employed with the Remington Arms Company as secretary, treasurer, and manager and purchased large holdings in the Territory of Washington in 1876. He married Ida Remington, daughter of Philo Remington, on December 23, 1868, and they had four children, Philo Remington, Shirley Herbert, Adine, and Marjorie.{{cite web|title=Watson C. Squire|url=http://sos.wa.gov/legacyproject/HistoryMakersDetail.aspx?Squire/Watson/706|publisher=Washington Secretary of State|access-date=10 October 2012}}{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_tH0_AAAAYAAJ/page/n33/mode/2up |title=New York State Men: Biographic Studies and Character Portraits |last=Hills |first=Frederick S. |publisher=The Argus Company |year=1910 |page=34 |via=Archive.org |access-date=2024-07-18}}{{Open access}}

Squire moved to Seattle in 1879 and was Governor of the Territory of Washington from 1884 to 1887. As governor, Squire confronted the difficult challenge of maintaining law and order during the anti-Chinese riots in Seattle and Tacoma.{{cite web |url=http://www.sos.wa.gov/history/Timeline/detail.aspx?id=118 |title=President Chester A. Arthur appointed Watson C. Squire governor |work=Territorial Timeline |publisher=Washington Secretary of State |access-date=November 4, 2012}} These riots began in 1885 and peaked on February 8, 1886. At that time, Squire declared martial law and began a system of military rule until order was restored.{{cite web |url=http://content.lib.washington.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/portraits&CISOPTR=171 |title=Watson C. Squire |publisher=University Libraries, University of Washington |access-date=November 4, 2012}}{{cite web |url=http://content.lib.washington.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/pioneerlife&CISOPTR=2885 |title=Daniel Manning letter to Governor Watson C. Squire regarding enforcement of the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, December 9, 1885 |work=Pacific Northwest Historical Documents Database |publisher=University Libraries, University of Washington |access-date=November 4, 2012}} "Soon after President Cleveland issued a proclamation calling for the restoration of order, and when that was ignored, Federal troops were ordered into Seattle." Squire withdrew martial law on February 22, 1886, but by then most of the Chinese residents already had been expelled from the Territory, put on a ship, and sent to San Francisco. Subsequently, at the request of the U.S. State Department, Governor Squire investigated the losses of property by the Chinese residents of Tacoma, Seattle, and the surrounding area.

Upon the admission of Washington as a State into the Union in 1889, Squire was elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate on a strong anti-Chinese platform.Beth Lew-Williams, The Chinese Must Go: Violence, Exclusion, and the Making of the Alien in America 145 (Cambridge 2018). He was reelected in 1891 and served from November 20, 1889, to March 4, 1897. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1897. While in the Senate, he was chairman of the Committee on Coast Defenses (Fifty-second and Fifty-fourth Congresses) and a member of the Committee on Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Fifty-second Congress). He retired from the practice of law and devoted his time to the management of his properties in Seattle; he was organizer and president of the Union Trust Co. and the Squire Investment Co.

Squire died in Seattle, aged 88, and is interred at Evergreen - Washelli Memorial Park, Washelli Cemetery, Seattle.{{cite web|title=Watson C. Squire|url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/sproat-staebler.html|publisher=The Political Graveyard|access-date=10 October 2012}}

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{{CongBio|S000761}} Retrieved on 2008-02-15

• {{cite book|author=Meany, Edmond S|author-link=Meany, Edmond S|title=Governors of Washington : territorial and state|publisher=University of Washington|year=1915}}[http://www.secstate.wa.gov/history/publications_detail.aspx?p=30 Available online through the Washington State Library's Classics in Washington History collection]

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• {{Find a Grave|2545|access-date=2008-02-15}}
• [http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000761 Watson Carvosso Squire] in the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• [http://sos.wa.gov/legacyproject/HistoryMakersDetail.aspx?Squire/Watson/706 Watson Carvosso Squire] from the Washington Secretary of State
• [http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/sproat-staebler.html Watson Carvosso Squire] at The Political Graveyard
• [http://herkimer.nygenweb.net/ilion/RemMansion.html Remington Mansion]

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Category:1838 births

Category:1926 deaths

Category:People from Cape Vincent, New York

Category:Republican Party United States senators from Washington (state)

Category:Washington (state) Republicans

Category:Governors of Washington Territory

Category:Politicians from Seattle

Category:Politicians from Cleveland

Category:Wesleyan University alumni

Category:People of New York (state) in the American Civil War

Category:United States Army Judge Advocate General's Corps

Category:Union army officers

Category:19th-century American lawyers

Category:19th-century United States senators