Webmail

The first Web Mail implementation was developed at CERN in 1993 by Phillip Hallam-Baker{{cite newsgroup |last=Hallam-Baker |first=Phillip |author-link=Phillip Hallam-Baker |date=1994-03-09 |df=mdy |title=Announcing alpha test of PTG MAIL-DAEMON server |url=https://groups.google.com/g/comp.archives/c/vpWqUAmg8xU/m/B8bHirYC7EUJ|access-date=2022-03-22 |newsgroup=comp.archives |website=Google Groups}} as a test of the HTTP protocol stack, but was not developed further. In the next two years, however, several people produced working webmail applications.

In Europe, there were three implementations, Søren Vejrum's "WWW Mail",{{cite web|url=http://www.vejrum.dk/www-mail/|title=www-mail page frame-placeholder for www_mail.htm}} Luca Manunza's "WebMail",Pinna, Alberto, [http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/1999/dicembre/28/Soru_incontro_con_Rubbia_cosi_co_0_99122810441.shtml "Soru: un incontro con Rubbia, così nacque il web in Sardegna"], Corriere della Sera, December 28, 1999 (in Italian).Ferrucci, Luca, [http://www.regional-studies-assoc.ac.uk/events/pisa03/ferrucci.pdf "The ICT in Sardinia: Startup and evolution"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029035730/http://www.regional-studies-assoc.ac.uk/events/pisa03/ferrucci.pdf |date=October 29, 2008 }} and Remy Wetzels' "WebMail".Internet Archive, [https://web.archive.org/web/19970424063155/http://dse.nl/wm/ "DSE Webmail"] Søren Vejrum's "WWW Mail" was written when he was studying and working at the Copenhagen Business School in Denmark, and was released on February 28, 1995.comp.internet.net-happenings, [http://scout.wisc.edu/Projects/PastProjects/NH/95-03/95-03-06/0017.html "ANNOUNCE: WWW Mail Client 1.00"], February 28, 1995. Luca Manunza's "WebMail" was written while he was working at CRS4 in Sardinia, from an idea of Gianluigi Zanetti, with the first source release on March 30, 1995.comp.internet.net-happenings, [http://scout.wisc.edu/Projects/PastProjects/NH/95-03/95-03-30/0009.html WebMail – Source code release], March 30, 1995. Remy Wetzels' "WebMail" was written while he was studying at the Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands for the DSEDigitale Stad Eindhoven [http://www.dse.nl/ "Digitale Stad Eindhoven"]De Digitale Stad on Wikipedia De Digitale Stad (in Dutch) and was released early January 1995.

In the United States, Matt Mankins wrote "Webex",comp.mail.misc, [http://groups.google.com/group/comp.mail.misc/browse_thread/thread/768d2656998ad4fa/21742f28d6e9af3f Webex Announcement], August 8, 1995. and Bill Fitler, while at Lotus cc:Mail, began working on an implementation which he demonstrated publicly at Lotusphere on January 24, 1995.Lotusphere 95 Presentation, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8NeM2h4CSZs "cc:Mail Mobile's Next Generation"], January 24, 1995.{{Cite magazine |last=Barney |first=Doug |date=1995-02-06 |title=Lotus cc:Mail to get better server, mobile access |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sToEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA8 |access-date=2024-04-20 |magazine=InfoWorld |page=8 |volume=17 |issue=6 |issn=0199-6649}}{{Cite web |title=InformationWeek, serving the information needs of the Business Technology Community |url=https://www.informationweek.com/ |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=InformationWeek |language=en}} Matt Mankins, under the supervision of Dr. Burt Rosenberg at the University of Miami,Miami.edu, [http://www.cs.miami.edu/~burt/papers/cv-mia-18.pdf CV, Dr. Burton Rosenberg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615002105/http://www.cs.miami.edu/~burt/papers/cv-mia-18.pdf |date=June 15, 2010 }} released his "Webex" application source code in a post to comp.mail.misc on August 8, 1995, although it had been in use as the primary email application at the School of Architecture where Mankins worked for some months prior.

Bill Fitler's webmail implementation was further developed as a commercial product, which Lotus announced and released in the fall of 1995 as cc:Mail for the World Wide Web 1.0; thereby providing an alternative means of accessing a cc:Mail message store (the usual means being a cc:Mail desktop application that operated either via dialup or within the confines of a local area network).Network World, [https://books.google.com/books?id=lA8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA1 "Lotus readies cc:Mail-Web hooks"], [https://books.google.com/books?id=lA8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA55 (part 2)], September 4, 1995, pp. 1, 55.{{Cite magazine |last=Davis |first=Jessica |date=1995-10-02 |title=cc:Mail users will get E-mail through Web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XDoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA12 |access-date=2024-04-20 |magazine=InfoWorld |page=12 |volume=17 |issue=40 |issn=0199-6649}}{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lw8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA10 |title=Network World |date=1995-10-02 |publisher=IDG Network World Inc |language=en}}

Early commercialization of webmail was also achieved when "Webex" began to be sold by Mankins' company, DotShop, Inc., at the end of 1995. Within DotShop, "Webex" changed its name to "EMUmail"; which would be sold to companies like UPS and Rackspace until its sale to Accurev in 2001.{{cite web|url=http://www.emumail.com/company/press_article_013.html|title=EMUmail website|access-date=June 29, 2010|archive-date=September 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924080650/http://www.emumail.com/company/press_article_013.html|url-status=dead}} EMUmail was one of the first applications to feature a free version that included embedded advertising, as well as a licensed version that did not.

Hotmail and Four11's RocketMail both launched in 1996 as free services and immediately became very popular.{{cite web |url=http://4to40.com/legends/print.asp?id=131 |title=Sabeer Bhatiya : The founder of "Hotmail.com" |publisher=4to40.com |access-date=2009-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210043942/http://4to40.com/legends/print.asp?id=131 |archive-date=February 10, 2007 |url-status=live }}

As the 1990s progressed, and into the 2000s, it became more common for the general public to have access to webmail because:

• many Internet service providers (such as EarthLink) and web hosting providers (such as Verio) began bundling webmail into their service offerings (often in parallel with POP/SMTP services);
• many other enterprises (such as universities and large corporations) also started offering webmail as a way for their user communities to access their email (either locally managed or outsourced);
• webmail service providers (such as Hotmail and RocketMail) emerged in 1996 as a free service to the general public, and rapidly gained in popularity.

In some cases, webmail application software is developed in-house by the organizations running and managing the application, and in some cases it is obtained from software companies that develop and sell such applications, usually as part of an integrated mail server package (an early example being Netscape Messaging ServerOracle, [http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19079-01/nscp.mes.svr415/816-6055-10/relnotes.html Cnet Archive - Release Notes: Netscape Messaging Server 4.15]{{cite web|url=http://reviews.cnet.com/e-mail/netscape-messaging-server-corporate/1707-3536_7-30581859.html|title=Netscape Messaging Server Corporate Edition ( v. 4.15 ) - media and documentation set Overview}}). The market for webmail application software has continued into the 2010s.

Email users may find the use of both a webmail client and a desktop client using the POP3 protocol presents some difficulties. For example, email messages that are downloaded by the desktop client and are removed from the server will no longer be available on the webmail client. The user is limited to previewing messages using the web client before they are downloaded by the desktop email client. However, one may choose to leave the emails on the server, in which case this problem does not occur. The use of both a webmail client and a desktop client using the IMAP4 protocol allows the contents of the mailbox to be consistently displayed in both the webmail and desktop clients and any action the user performs on messages in one interface will be reflected when the email is accessed via the other interface. There are significant differences in rendering capabilities for many popular webmail services such as Gmail, Outlook.com and Yahoo! Mail. Due to the varying treatment of HTML tags, such as