Werner Willikens
Werner Willikens (8 February 1893, Vienenburg – 25 October 1961, Wolfenbüttel) was a German politician with the Nazi Party who largely served in agricultural administration. He was also a general officer in the SS. His phrase "working towards the Führer", which he used in a 1934 speech, has become a common description of Nazi bureaucracy.
Biography
Willikens enrolled in the German Imperial Army in 1912 and served in World War I as an artillery battery commander.Detlef Mühlberger, Hitler's Voice: The Völkischer Beobachter, 1920-1933. Organisation & Development of the Nazi Party, Volume 1, Peter Lang, 2004, p. 252
An early Nazi Party member, he joined in 1925 (membership number 3,355) and served as the Ortsgruppenleiter (Local Group Leader) in Goslar.{{cite book |last= Klee |first= Ernst |title= Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945 |publisher= Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag |location= Frankfurt-am-Main |year= 2007 |page= 678 |isbn= 978-3-596-16048-8}} He was a farmer by profession and organised the first training course for Nazi farmers in 1926. Willikens was a member of the Reichstag from electoral constituency 16 (South Hanover–Braunschweig), elected as one of the first 12 Nazi deputies in 1928 and retained this seat until the fall of the Third Reich.[http://www.reichstag-abgeordnetendatenbank.de/selectmaske.html?pnd=10235538X&recherche=ja Datenbank der deutschen Parlamentsabgeordneten]
In 1930, Willikens was appointed deputy chairman of Agrarpolitischer Apparat, the Agricultural Affairs Bureau of the NSDAP headed by Richard Walther Darré, and he also chaired the Agrarian League.Mühlberger, Hitler's Voice, p. 349 His appointment to the national executive of the Reichslandbund in 1930 was the first time that the highly conservative group – up to that point firmly linked to the German National People's Party – had given a position of influence to a Nazi.Richard Bessel & E.J. Feuchtwanger, Social Change and Political Development in Weimar Germany, Croom Helm, 1981, {{ISBN|085664921X}}, p. 151 After Adolf Hitler came to power, Willikens was appointed as State Secretary in the Prussian Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests in July 1933, also under Darré. On 31 July 1933, Hermann Göring, the Prussian minister president, appointed him to the recently reconstituted Prussian State Council.{{cite book |last= Lilla |first= Joachim |title= Der Preußische Staatsrat 1921–1933: Ein biographisches Handbuch |publisher= Droste Verlag |location= Düsseldorf |year= 2005 |pages= 249, 296 |isbn=978-3-770-05271-4}} When the Prussian ministry was merged with Darré's Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture in January 1935, Willikens continued to serve as a State Secretary in the united Reich Ministry.Donald Bloxham, Tony Kushner, Antony Robin Jeremy Kushner, The Holocaust: Critical Historical Approaches, Manchester University Press ND, 2005, p. 127 He became a member of the SS in May 1933 (member number 56,180) and eventually reached the rank of SS-Gruppenführer on 30 January 1938.{{cite book |editor-last=Schiffer Publishing Ltd. |title= SS Officers List: SS-Standartenführer to SS-Oberstgruppenführer (As of 30 January 1942) |publisher= Schiffer Military History Publishing |location= |year= 2000 |page= 9 |isbn= 0-7643-1061-5}}
Ian Kershaw has argued that a speech made by Willikens in 1934, in particular his use of the phrase "working towards the Führer", was important in laying the framework for the Holocaust. Kershaw argued that the speech recognised the aloofness of Hitler's charismatic leadership and thus encouraged officials to second-guess Hitler's wishes and act accordingly. Kershaw suggests that Adolf Eichmann's rise from minor functionary to a leading role in the SS was built on this principle of "working towards the Führer".Ian Kershaw, Moshé Lewin, Stalinism and Nazism: Dictatorships in Comparison, Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp. 104-6 Indeed, such was Kershaw's use of Willikens' phrase that his tribute book even bore it as a title.Anthony McElligott, Tim Kirk, Ian Kershaw, Working Towards the Führer: Essays in Honour of Sir Ian Kershaw, Manchester University Press, 2003 The speech itself was made in Berlin on 21 February 1934 to representatives of the regional agriculture ministries.Ian Kershaw, Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris, Penguin Books, 1999, p. 529
After the fall of the Nazi regime, Willikens underwent denazification proceedings, was imprisoned, released and returned to his farm until his death in 1961.
References
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External links
- {{PM20|FID=pe/039804}}
- {{ReichstagDB|10235538X}}
- [https://www.bundesarchiv.de/aktenreichskanzlei/1919-1933/0000/adr/adrsz/kap1_5/para2_152.html Brief Biography of Werner Willikens] in the [https://www.bundesarchiv.de/aktenreichskanzlei/1919-1933/0000/index.html Files of the Reich Chancellery of the Weimar Republic]
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Category:20th-century German farmers
Category:German Army personnel of World War I
Category:Members of the Prussian State Council (Nazi Germany)
Category:Members of the Reichstag 1928–1930
Category:Members of the Reichstag 1930–1932
Category:Members of the Reichstag 1932
Category:Members of the Reichstag 1932–1933
Category:Members of the Reichstag 1933
Category:Members of the Reichstag 1933–1936
Category:Members of the Reichstag 1936–1938
Category:Members of the Reichstag 1938–1945