West Kilimanjaro language
{{Short description|Bantu language of Tanzania spoken by the Chaga people}}
{{Infobox language
|name=West Kilimanjaro
|nativename=West Chaga
|states=Tanzania
|region=Machame, Kilimanjaro Region
|ethnicity=Chaga
|familycolor=Niger-Congo
|fam2=Atlantic–Congo
|fam3=Benue–Congo
|fam4=Bantoid
|fam5=Southern Bantoid
|fam6=Bantu
|fam7=Northeast Bantu
|fam8=Chaga–Taita
|fam9=Chaga
|lc1=jmc|ld1=Machame
|lc2=rwk|ld2=Rwa
|glotto=west2852
|glottorefname=West Kilimanjaro
|guthrie=E.621 (ex-E.61,62a)
}}
West Kilimanjaro, or West Chaga, is a Bantu language of Tanzania spoken by the Chaga people.
- Rwa (Rwo, Meru, Kirwo), or Meru, from Mount Meru
- Mashami (Kimashame), or "Hai" (Kihai)
- Siha
- Kiwoso (Kibosho including Kindi, Kombo, Mweka)
- Masama
- Ng’uni
Phonology
= Vowels =
= Consonants =
class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Consonants in the Mashame dialect{{Cite book |last=Rugemalira |first=Josephat Muhozi |title=Kimashami: Kamusi ya Kimashami-Kiingereza-Kiswahili |publisher=Dar es Salaam: Dept. of Foreign Languages and Linguistics, University of Dar es Salaam |year=2008}} ! colspan="2" | |
colspan="2" |Nasal
|{{IPA link|m}} |{{IPA link|n}} |{{IPA link|ɲ}} |{{IPA link|ŋ}} | |
---|
rowspan="3" |Stop
!voiceless |{{IPA link|p}} |{{IPA link|t}} | |{{IPA link|k}} | |
voiced
|{{IPA link|b}} |{{IPA link|d}} |({{IPA link|ɟ}}) | | |
prenasal
|{{IPA link|ᵐb}} |{{IPA link|ⁿd}} | |{{IPA link|ᵑɡ}} | |
rowspan="2" |Fricative
!voiceless |{{IPA link|f}} |{{IPA link|s}} |{{IPA link|ʃ}} | |({{IPA link|h}}) |
voiced
|{{IPA link|β}} | | |{{IPA link|ɣ}} | |
colspan="2" |Rhotic
| |{{IPA link|r}} | | | |
rowspan="2" |Lateral
| |{{IPA link|l}} | | | |
fricative
| |{{IPA link|ɮ}} | | | |
colspan="2" |Approximant
|{{IPA link|w}} | |{{IPA link|j}} | | |
- {{IPA|/ɣ/}} may also be heard as uvular {{IPA|[ʁ]}} in free variation.
- {{IPA|/β/}} can also be realized as [ʋ] or [w] among some speakers.
- {{IPA|[ɟ]}} is found in loanwords.{{Cite book |last=Rugemalira |first=Josephat M. |title=A grammatical sketch of Kimashami |last2=Phanuel |first2=Benedictor |publisher=University of Dar es Salaam |year=2012}}
- {{IPA|/h/}} only rarely occurs.
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Languages of Tanzania}}
{{Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)}}
Category:Languages of Tanzania
{{Bantu-lang-stub}}