West Kilimanjaro language

{{Short description|Bantu language of Tanzania spoken by the Chaga people}}

{{Infobox language

|name=West Kilimanjaro

|nativename=West Chaga

|states=Tanzania

|region=Machame, Kilimanjaro Region

|ethnicity=Chaga

|familycolor=Niger-Congo

|fam2=Atlantic–Congo

|fam3=Benue–Congo

|fam4=Bantoid

|fam5=Southern Bantoid

|fam6=Bantu

|fam7=Northeast Bantu

|fam8=Chaga–Taita

|fam9=Chaga

|lc1=jmc|ld1=Machame

|lc2=rwk|ld2=Rwa

|glotto=west2852

|glottorefname=West Kilimanjaro

|guthrie=E.621 (ex-E.61,62a)

}}

West Kilimanjaro, or West Chaga, is a Bantu language of Tanzania spoken by the Chaga people.

There are several dialects:

  • Rwa (Rwo, Meru, Kirwo), or Meru, from Mount Meru
  • Mashami (Kimashame), or "Hai" (Kihai)
  • Siha
  • Kiwoso (Kibosho including Kindi, Kombo, Mweka)
  • Masama
  • Ng’uni

Phonology

= Vowels =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

!

!Front

!Central

!Back

High

| align="center" |{{IPA link|i}} {{IPA link|iː}}

|

| align="center" |{{IPA link|u}} {{IPA link|uː}}

Mid

|{{IPA link|e}} {{IPA link|eː}}

|

|{{IPA link|o}} {{IPA link|oː}}

Low

|

|{{IPA link|a}} {{IPA link|aː}}

|

= Consonants =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+Consonants in the Mashame dialect{{Cite book |last=Rugemalira |first=Josephat Muhozi |title=Kimashami: Kamusi ya Kimashami-Kiingereza-Kiswahili |publisher=Dar es Salaam: Dept. of Foreign Languages and Linguistics, University of Dar es Salaam |year=2008}}

! colspan="2" |

!Labial

!Alveolar

!Palatal

!Velar

!Glottal

colspan="2" |Nasal

|{{IPA link|m}}

|{{IPA link|n}}

|{{IPA link|ɲ}}

|{{IPA link|ŋ}}

|

rowspan="3" |Stop

!voiceless

|{{IPA link|p}}

|{{IPA link|t}}

|

|{{IPA link|k}}

|

voiced

|{{IPA link|b}}

|{{IPA link|d}}

|({{IPA link|ɟ}})

|

|

prenasal

|{{IPA link|ᵐb}}

|{{IPA link|ⁿd}}

|

|{{IPA link|ᵑɡ}}

|

rowspan="2" |Fricative

!voiceless

|{{IPA link|f}}

|{{IPA link|s}}

|{{IPA link|ʃ}}

|

|({{IPA link|h}})

voiced

|{{IPA link|β}}

|

|

|{{IPA link|ɣ}}

|

colspan="2" |Rhotic

|

|{{IPA link|r}}

|

|

|

rowspan="2" |Lateral

!glide

|

|{{IPA link|l}}

|

|

|

fricative

|

|{{IPA link|ɮ}}

|

|

|

colspan="2" |Approximant

|{{IPA link|w}}

|

|{{IPA link|j}}

|

|

  • {{IPA|/ɣ/}} may also be heard as uvular {{IPA|[ʁ]}} in free variation.
  • {{IPA|/β/}} can also be realized as [ʋ] or [w] among some speakers.
  • {{IPA|[ɟ]}} is found in loanwords.{{Cite book |last=Rugemalira |first=Josephat M. |title=A grammatical sketch of Kimashami |last2=Phanuel |first2=Benedictor |publisher=University of Dar es Salaam |year=2012}}
  • {{IPA|/h/}} only rarely occurs.

References

{{Reflist}}

{{Languages of Tanzania}}

{{Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)}}

Category:Languages of Tanzania

Category:Chaga languages

{{Bantu-lang-stub}}