West Virginia Senate

{{Short description|Upper house of the West Virginia Legislature}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2016}}

{{Use American English|date=February 2019}}

{{Infobox legislature

| background_color = {{party color|Republican Party (US)}}

| name = West Virginia Senate

| coa_pic = Seal of West Virginia.svg

| session_room = WV-Senate.jpg

| house_type = Upper house

| term_limits = None

| legislature = 86th West Virginia Legislature

| leader1_type = President

| leader1 = Randy Smith (R)

|election1=January 8, 2025

|leader2_type=President pro tempore

|leader2=Donna Boley (R)

|election2=January 14, 2015

|leader3_type=Majority Leader

|leader3=Patrick S. Martin (R)

|election3=January 8, 2025

|leader4_type=Minority Leader

|leader4=Mike Woelfel (D)

|election4=January 11, 2023

| term_length = 4 years

| authority = Article VI, West Virginia Constitution

| salary = $20,000/year + per diem

| members = 34

|structure1 = File:2025 West Virginia Senate.svg

| structure1_res = 250px

| political_groups1 =

Majority

{{legend|#ff0000|Republican (32)}}

Minority

{{legend|#0000ff|Democratic (2)}}

| last_election1 = November 5, 2024
(17 seats)

| next_election1 =November 3, 2026
(17 seats)

| redistricting = Legislative Control

| meeting_place = Senate Chamber
West Virginia State Capitol
Charleston, West Virginia

| website = [https://www.wvlegislature.gov/index.cfm West Virginia Legislature]

|voting_system1=Plurality voting in staggered elections

|body=West Virginia Legislature

|new_session=January 8, 2025

}}

The West Virginia Senate is the upper house of the West Virginia Legislature.

There are seventeen senatorial districts. Each district has two senators who serve staggered four-year terms. Although the Democratic Party held a supermajority in the Senate as recently as 2015, Republicans now dominate in the chamber, and hold 32 seats to the Democrats' two seats.

Organization

Senators are elected for terms of four years that are staggered, meaning that only a portion of the 34 state senate seats are up every election.[http://www.legis.state.wv.us/WVCODE/WV_CON.cfm West Virginia Constitution], [http://www.legis.state.wv.us/ West Virginia Legislature] (accessed May 29, 2013)

The state legislature meets on the second Wednesday of January each year and conducts a 60-day regular session.

Legislative process

Unlike most state senates, the West Virginia Senate can introduce revenue bills. Bills must undergo three readings in each house before being sent to the governor. Bills are drafted by the Office of Legislative Services or legislative staff counsel, reviewed by the sponsor of the bill and submitted for introduction.[http://www.legis.state.wv.us/Educational/Bill_Becomes_Law/Bill_Becomes_Law.cfm How a Bill Becomes Law], [http://www.legis.state.wv.us/ West Virginia State Legislature] (accessed May 29, 2013) Bills are assigned to committees that make recommendations about a bill in the form of a committee report.

Bills approved in both the West Virginia Senate and West Virginia House of Delegates are then submitted to the governor, who has the power to sign them into law or veto them. The state legislature can override the veto, unless they have already adjourned.

Districts

The state is divided into 17 districts, with each electing a senator for a four-year term every two years. Thus each district contains about 1/17th of the state's population, or about 105,000 persons.

The state's districting system is unique in the United States in that both senators from a district cannot be from the same county, no matter the population of the various parts of the district. This means, for example, that one of the 5th District's two senators must reside in Cabell County and the other must reside in the portion of Wayne County that is inside the 5th District, even though Cabell County has more people than the portion of Wayne County that is part of the 5th District. However, both senators are elected by everybody within the district, not just by the people of the county in which the senators reside.

Responding to the 2010 Census the Senate redistricted itself. Kanawha County was divided for the first time in the Senate's history, with the northern and western portions joining a part of Putnam County as the 8th District and the remainder of the county constituting the 17th district on its own. This reduced the number of Senators from Kanawha County from four to three, as one of the 8th's had to be a resident of Putnam.

Responding to the 2020 Census the Senate again redistricted itself. The Senate adopted a new map, again reflecting a shift of the population to the Morgantown area and the Eastern Panhandle. Ten counties, out of the 55, were divided between two different districts, and Kanawha County was divided between three different districts.{{cite web |url=https://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Status/bills_text.cfm?billdoc=SB3034%20ENG2.htm&yr=2021&sesstype=3X&i=3034 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020151913/https://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Status/bills_text.cfm?billdoc=SB3034%20ENG2.htm&yr=2021&sesstype=3X&i=3034 |archive-date=October 20, 2021 |title=SB 3034 Text}}

==Senate president==

{{Main|President of the West Virginia Senate}}

The Senate elects its own president from its membership. Randy Smith is currently the president of the West Virginia Senate.

While the West Virginia Constitution does not create or even mention the title of lieutenant governor, West Virginia Code 6A-1-4 creates this designation for the Senate president, who stands first in the line of succession to the office of governor. As stated in Article 7 Section 16 of the constitution: "In case of the death, conviction or impeachment, failure to qualify, resignation, or other disability of the governor, the president of the Senate shall act as governor until the vacancy is filled, or the disability removed." However, the Senate President may not always serve the remainder of the term as the constitution also states: "Whenever a vacancy shall occur in the office of governor before the first three years of the term shall have expired, a new election for governor shall take place to fill the vacancy."

Current composition

[[File:87th Legislature WV Senate Map.svg|thumb|Map of partisan composition of legislative districts for state senate after the 2024 elections:

{{legend|#e81b23|2 Republicans}}

{{legend|#8e2791|1 Democrat and 1 Republican}}]]

=87th Legislature (2025–2026)=

{{Main|Political party strength in West Virginia}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
style="vertical-align:bottom;"

! rowspan="3" |Affiliation

! colspan="2" |Party

(Shading indicates majority caucus)

! rowspan="3" |Total

!

style="height:5px"

| style="background-color:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}" |

| style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}" |

| style="background: black" |

Republican

!Democratic

!Vacant

nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |Beginning of the 82nd Legislature

| {{party shading/Republican}} rowspan="2" | 18

| rowspan="2" |16

! rowspan="2" |34

| rowspan="2" |0

nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |End of the 82nd Legislature
colspan="5" |
nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |Beginning of the 83rd Legislature

| {{party shading/Republican}} rowspan="2" | 22

| rowspan="2" |12

! rowspan="2" |34

| rowspan="2" |0

nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |End of the 83rd Legislature
colspan="5" |
nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |Beginning of the 84th Legislature

| {{party shading/Republican}} rowspan="2" | 20

| rowspan="2" |14

! rowspan="2" |34

| rowspan="2" |0

nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |End of the 84th Legislature
colspan="5" |
nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |Beginning of the 85th Legislature

| {{party shading/Republican}} rowspan="2"| 23

| rowspan="2" | 11

! rowspan="2" |34

| rowspan="2" |0

nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |End of the 85th Legislature
colspan="5" |
nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |Beginning of the 86th Legislature

| {{party shading/Republican}}| 30

| 4

!rowspan=2|34

|rowspan=2|0

nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |End of the 86th Legislature

| {{party shading/Republican}}| 31

| 3

colspan="5" |
nowrap="" style="font-size:80%" |Beginning of the 87th Legislature

| {{party shading/Republican}}| 32

| 2

!34

|0

Latest voting share

! {{party shading/Republican}} |{{percentage|32|34|1}}

!{{percentage|2|34|1}}

! colspan=2|

Leadership of the 87th West Virginia Senate

class="wikitable"

! Position !! Name !! Party !! District !! County

Senate President/Lieutenant GovernorRandy Smith

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Republican

|14th

|Tucker

President pro temporeDonna Boley

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Republican

|3rd

|Pleasants

Majority Leader

|Patrick Martin

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Republican

|12th

|Lewis

Minority Leader

|Mike Woelfel

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Democratic

|5th

|Cabell

Majority Whip

|Jay Taylor

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Republican

|14th

|Taylor

Minority Whip

|Robert Plymale

| {{party shading/Democratic}} |Democratic

|5th

|Wayne

= Committee chairs and vice chairs =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

!Committee

!Chair

!Vice Chair

Agriculture & Natural Resources

|Bill Hamilton

|Vince Deeds

Banking and Insurance

|Mike Azinger

|Mike Oliverio

Confirmations

|Donna Boley

|Laura Chapman

Economic Development

|Glenn Jeffries

|Robbie Morris

Education

|Amy Grady

|Charles Clements

Energy, Industry, & Mining

|Chris Rose

|Ben Queen

Enrolled Bills

|Jack Woodrum

|Scott Fuller

Finance

|Jason Barrett

|Rollan Roberts

Government Organization

|Patricia Rucker

|Jack Woodrum

Health & Human Resources

|Laura Chapman

|Vince Deeds

Judiciary

|Mike Stuart

|Tom Willis

Military

|Ryan Weld

|Vince Deeds

Outdoor Recreation

|Mark Maynard

|Jay Taylor

Pensions

|Eric Nelson

|Mark Hunt

Rules

|Craig Blair

|Tom Takubo

School Choice

|Patricia Rucker

|Mark Maynard

Transportation & Infrastructure

|Charles Clements

|Mike Stuart

Workforce

|Rollan Roberts

|Glenn Jeffries

Members of the 87th West Virginia Senate

class="sortable wikitable"

! District

!Up!! Senator !! Party !! Since !! Residence

!Home Cty.{{efn|Multi-county districts (all but District 17) must elect Senators from different counties|name=b}}!! Counties represented{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=2020 REDISTRICTING |url=https://www.wvlegislature.gov/legisdocs/redistricting/senate/SENATE_MAP_FINAL.pdf |website=wvlegislature.gov}}

rowspan="2" | 1

|2026

| {{sortname|Laura|Chapman}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2022

| Wheeling

|Ohio

| rowspan="2" | Brooke, Hancock, Marshall, Ohio

2028

| {{sortname|Ryan|Weld}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2016

| Wellsburg

|Brooke

rowspan="2" | 2

|2026

| {{sortname|Charles H.|Clements}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2016

| New Martinsville

|Wetzel

| rowspan="2" | Doddridge, Marion, Marshall, Monongalia, Wetzel, Tyler

2028

| Chris Rose

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2024

| Maidsville

|Monongalia

rowspan="2" | 3

|2026

| {{sortname|Mike|Azinger}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2016

| Vienna

|Wood

| rowspan="2" | Pleasants, Ritchie, Wirt, Wood

2028

| {{sortname|Donna|Boley}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 1985

| St. Marys

|Pleasants

rowspan="2" | 4

|2026

| {{sortname|Eric|Tarr}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2018

| Scott Depot

|Putnam

| rowspan="2" | Cabell, Jackson, Mason, Putnam

2028

| {{sortname|Amy|Grady}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2020

| Leon

|Mason

rowspan="2" | 5

|2026

| {{sortname|Mike|Woelfel}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| 2014

| Huntington

|Cabell

| rowspan="2" | Cabell, Wayne

2028

| {{sortname|Scott|Fuller}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2024

| Kenova

| Wayne

rowspan="2" | 6

|2026

| {{sortname|Mark R.|Maynard}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2014

| Genoa

|Wayne

| rowspan="2" | McDowell, Mercer, Mingo, Wayne

2028

| {{sortname|Craig A.|Hart}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2024

| Lenore

| Mingo

rowspan="2" | 7

|2026

|{{sortname|Mike|Stuart|link=Michael B. Stuart}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2022

| South Charleston

|Kanawha

| rowspan="2" | Boone, Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan

2028

| {{sortname|Rupie|Phillips}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2020

| Lorado

|Logan

rowspan="2" | 8

|2026

| {{sortname|T. Kevan|Bartlett}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2025

| Sissonville

| Kanawha

| rowspan="2" | Clay, Jackson, Kanawha, Putnam, Roane

2028

| {{sortname|Glenn|Jeffries}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2016

| Red House

|Putnam

rowspan="2" | 9

|2026

| {{sortname|Rollan|Roberts}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2018

| Beaver

|Raleigh

| rowspan="2" | Fayette, Raleigh, Wyoming

2028

| {{sortname|Brian|Helton}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2024

| Mount Hope

| Fayette

rowspan="2" | 10

|2026

| Vince Deeds

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2022

| Renick

|Greenbrier

| rowspan="2" | Fayette, Greenbrier, Monroe, Nicholas, Summers

2028

| {{sortname|Jack|Woodrum}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2020

| Hinton

|Summers

rowspan="2" | 11

|2026

| {{sortname|Bill|Hamilton|Bill Hamilton (West Virginia politician)}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2018

| Buckhannon

|Upshur

| rowspan="2" | Barbour, Braxton, Pendleton, Pocahontas, Randolph, Upshur, Webster

2028

| Robbie Morris

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2024

| Elkins

|Randolph

rowspan="2" | 12

|2026

| {{sortname|Ben|Queen|Ben Queen (politician)}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2022

| Bridgeport

|Harrison

| rowspan="2" | Calhoun, Gilmer, Harrison, Lewis, Taylor

2028

| {{sortname|Patrick S.|Martin}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2020

| Weston

|Lewis

rowspan="2" | 13

|2026

| {{sortname|Mike|Oliverio}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2022{{efn|Oliverio previously served in the Senate from 1994 to 2010.|name=a}}

| Morgantown

|Monongalia

| rowspan="2" | Marion, Monongalia

2028

| {{sortname|Joey|Garcia}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic

| 2024

| Fairmont

|Marion

rowspan="2" | 14

|2026

| {{sortname|Jay|Taylor|dab=West Virginia politician}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2022

| Grafton

|Taylor

| rowspan="2" | Grant, Hardy, Mineral, Preston, Taylor, Tucker

2028

| {{sortname|Randy|Smith|Randy Smith (politician)}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2016

| Thomas

|Tucker

rowspan="2" | 15

|2026

| {{sortname|Darren|Thorne}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2024

| Romney

| Hampshire

| rowspan="2" | Berkeley, Hampshire, Morgan

2028

| {{sortname|Tom|Willis|dab=politician}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2024

| Martinsburg

| Berkeley

rowspan="2" | 16

|2026

| {{sortname|Jason|Barrett|link=Jason Barrett (West Virginia politician)}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2022

| Martinsburg

|Berkeley

| rowspan="2" | Berkeley, Jefferson

2028

| {{sortname|Patricia|Rucker}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2016

| Harpers Ferry

|Jefferson

rowspan="2" | 17

|2026

| {{sortname|Tom|Takubo}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2014

| Charleston

|Kanawha

| rowspan="2" | Kanawha

2026
(special)

| {{sortname|Anne|Charnock|dab=politician}}

| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican

| 2025

| Charleston

|Kanawha

{{notelist}}

See also

References

{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}