Western Bengali dialect
{{Short description|Dialect of Bengali}}
{{refimprove|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Manbhumi Bengali
| altname = Western Bengali
Jharkhandi Bengali
| nativename = মানভূমী বাংলা
| state = India
| region = West Bengal (Medinipur division, Burdwan division);
Jharkhand (Kolhan division, Santhal Pargana division)
| speakers =
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = Indo Iranian
| fam3 = Indo Aryan
| fam4 = Eastern Zone
| fam5 = Bengali-Assamese
| fam6 = Bengali
| script = Bengali alphabet
| isoexception = dialect
| glotto = None
| glottoname =
}}
Western Bengali or Mānbhūmī Bengali ({{langx|bn|মানভূমী বাংলা|Mānbhūmī Bāṅlā}}, {{IPA|bn|manbhumi baŋla|pron}}) is a local Bengali dialect spoken in the districts of Purulia, West Bardhaman, Western Bankura, Singhbhum and other adjacent areas of West Bengal and Jharkhand, previously Manbhum and Dhalbhum regions in Bengal Presidency. It is one of the Bengali dialects, having some influences of neighbouring dialects of Hindi and Odia in it.
Manbhumi Bengali has a rich tradition of folk songs sung in various occasions. Tusu songs are sung by village girls during a month-long observance of Tusu festival in villages of Purulia and some parts of Barddhaman, Bankura and Birbhum districts of West Bengal and parts of East Singhbhum, Saraikela Kharsawan, Bokaro, Dhanbad and Ranchi districts of Jharkhand. Bhadu songs, Karam songs, Baul songs and Jhumar songs are also composed in Manbhumi Bengali. Manbhumi Bengali songs are used by Chhau performers of Purulia School to depict various mythological events. Chhau is one of the distinguished dance forms of this geographical region which has been accorded the status of Intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO in 2009.{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/RL/00337|title=UNESCO - Chhau dance}}
Phonology
=Vowels=
=Consonants=
| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan="2" | |
| colspan="2" |Nasal
|{{IPA link|m}} | |{{IPA link|n}} | | |{{IPA link|ŋ}} | |
|---|
| rowspan="2" |Plosive
!voiceless | |{{IPA link|t̪}} | | |{{IPA link|ʈ}} |{{IPA link|k}} | |
| voiced
| |{{IPA link|d̪}} | | |{{IPA link|ɖ}} |{{IPA link|ɡ}} | |
| rowspan="2" |Affricate
!voiceless | | | |{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}} | | | |
| voiced
| | | |{{IPA link|d͡ʒ}} | | | |
| rowspan="2" |Fricative
!voiceless |{{IPA link|ɸ}} | |{{IPA link|s}} | | | |{{IPA link|h}} |
| voiced
|{{IPA link|β}} | | | | | | |
| colspan="2" |Approximant
| | |{{IPA link|l}} | | | | |
| colspan="2" |Rhotic
| | |{{IPA link|ɾ}} | | | | |
Regional variation
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2022}}
File:Geographic distribution of Bengali language.png
File:Divisions Containing Bengali and Related Dialects.svg
This Bengali dialect is spoken in the Manbhum and Dhalbhum area and has its extended regional variants or subdialects throughout southern border area of Medinipur division of West Bengal, south eastern border of Kolhan division of Jharkhand.{{Cite thesis |title=Pronoun in Bengali |url=http://www.aus.ac.in/linguistics-department/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2021/03/Pronoun-in-Bengali-Arpana-Baishnab.pdf |website=aus.ac.in |publisher=Department of Linguistics Rabindranath Tagore School of Indian Languages and Cultural Studies |location=Assam University, Silchar |page=24}}{{sfn|Krishan|1990}}
::Ranchi: æk loker du beţa rahe. (M)
::Manbhum: æk loker duţa beţa chhilô. (M)
::Pashchim Bardhaman district: kono loker duiţi chhele chhilo. (M)
::Dhalbhum/East Singhbhum: ek loker duţa chha chhilo. (M)
::Baharagora/Gopiballavpur: gotae noker duţa po thailaa. (M)
::East Medinipur: gote loker duiţa toka thila. (M)
::Ranchi: tumharman kahan jaatraho? (M)
::Manbhum: tumhra kuthay jachho? (M)
::Pashchim Bardhaman district: tumra kuthay jachchho? (M)
::Dhalbhum/East Singhbhum: tumhra kaai jachho? (M)
::Baharagora/Gopiballavpur: tumarkar kaai jaoţo ? (M)
::East Medinipur: tumra kaai jaoţo? (M)
::Ranchi: Chhaua ţa bes padhatrahe (M)
::Manbhum: Chhana ţa bhalo padhchhe (M)
::Pashchim Bardhaman district: Chhana ţa bhalo padhchhe (M)
::Dhalbhum/East Singhbhum: Chha ţa bhalo padhchhe? (M)
::Baharagora/Gopiballavpur: Chha ţa bhala padheţe? (M)
::East Medinipur: Pila ţa bhala padhţe? (M)
There are two tribal languages, Kharia Thar and Mal Paharia, mainly spoken in Manbhum region of Bengal and Jharkhand by some small tribes, are closely related to Western Bengali dialects, but are typically classified as separate languages.
See also
References
{{reflist}}
=Sources=
- {{Cite journal|last=Chowdhury |first=Tarapada |title=Some phonetic peculiarities of the Bengali dialect of Manbhumi |journal= Journal of the Asia Asiatic Society|volume=XVII |issue=2 |url=http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/280477 |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.280477/page/n76 |archive-date=18 January 2017 |year=1952 |pages=65–72}}
- {{Cite book |last=Grierson |first=G.A. |author-link=George Abraham Grierson |title=Linguistic survey of India, Vol – V |others= Indo-Aryan family, Eastern group, Pt – I, Specimens of the Bengali and Assamese languages |year=1903 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/books/lsi/lsi.php?volume=5-1&pages=463 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/LinguisticSurveyOfIndiaVolVPartIIndoAryanFamilyEasternGroup |archive-date= 19 May 2004 |publisher= Office of the superintendent, Government printing, India |location= Calcutta}}
- {{Cite book |last=Krishan |first=Shree |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h2BjAAAAMAAJ |title=Linguistic Traits Across Language Boundaries: A Report of All India Linguistic Traits Survey |date=1990 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |language=en}}
- {{Cite book|last=Mukharjee |first=Shibasis |chapter=Jharkhandi|title= Linguistic Survey of India – West Bengal |others=Part. I|year= 2016 |publisher= Linguistic division, Office of the Registrar General, India |url=https://language.census.gov.in/eLanguageDivision_VirtualPath/LSI_Reports/pdf/8.pdf |pages=221–258}}
{{Bengali language}}