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Western Plains Dogon

{{Short description|Dialect group}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Western Plains Dogon

|nativename=Kan Dogon

|region=Mali, Burkina Faso

|speakers=260,000

|date=1998

|ref=e18

|familycolor=Niger-Congo

|fam2=Dogon

|fam3=Plains

|dia1=Tomo Kan

|dia2=Tengu Kan

|dia3=Togo Kan

|lc2=dtk|ld2=Tene Kan

|lc1=dtm|ld1=Tomo Kan

|glotto=west2508

|glottorefname=Western Plains Dogon

}}

The Dogon dialects of the western plains below the Bandiagara Escarpment in Mali are mutually intelligible. They are sometimes called the Kan Dogon because they use the word kan (also spelled kã) for varieties of speech. The dialects are:

  • Tomo kã
  • Teŋu kã
  • Togo kã

The latter two are traditionally subsumed under the name Tene kã (Tene Kan, Tene Tingi), but Hochstetler separates them because the three varieties are about equidistant.

There are a quarter million speakers of these dialects, about evenly split between Tomo Kan and Tene Kan, making this the most populous of the Dogon languages. There are a few Tomo-speaking villages just across the border in Burkina Faso.

Phonology

= Consonants =

class="wikitable" style=text-align:center

|+

Tomo-Kan consonants{{Cite book|last=Dyachkov|first=Vadim|title=A Grammar of Tomo Kan Dogon|year=2019}}

! colspan="2" |

!Labial

!Alveolar

!Palatal

!Velar

!Glottal

align="center"

! rowspan="2" |Stop/
Affricate

!voiceless

|{{IPAlink|p}}

|{{IPAlink|t}}

|{{IPAlink|t͡ʃ}}

|{{IPAlink|k}}

|{{IPAlink|ʔ}}

align="center"

!voiced/nasal

|{{IPAlink|b}}

|{{IPAlink|d}}

|{{IPAlink|d͡ʒ}}

|{{IPAlink|g}}

|{{IPAlink|ʔ̃}}

align="center"

! rowspan="2" |Fricative

!voiceless

|({{IPAlink|ɸ}})

|{{IPAlink|s}}

|

|

|{{IPAlink|h}}

align="center"

!voiced

|

|({{IPAlink|z}})

|

|

|

align="center"

! colspan="2" |Nasal

|{{IPAlink|m}}

|{{IPAlink|n}}

|{{IPAlink|ɲ}}

|{{IPAlink|ŋ}}

|

align="center"

! colspan="2" |Tap

|

|{{IPAlink|ɾ}}

|

|

|

align="center"

! rowspan="2" |Approximant

!central

|{{IPAlink|w}}

|{{IPAlink|l}}

|{{IPAlink|j}}

|

|

nasal

|{{IPAlink|w̃}}

|

|({{IPAlink|j̃}})

|

|

  • Consonant germination also occurs frequently among sounds {{IPA|[kː lː nː tː]}}.
  • {{IPAslink|z}} can only occur among loanwords.
  • {{IPAslink|ɸ}} is interchangeable with {{IPAslink|h}}.

class="wikitable" style=text-align:center

|+

Togo-Kan consonants{{Cite book|last=Heath|first=Jeffrey|title=A Grammar of Togo Kan|publisher=University of Michigan|year=2015}}

! colspan="2" |

!Labial

!Alveolar

!Palatal

!Velar

!Glottal

align="center"

! rowspan="2" |Stop/
Affricate

!voiceless

|{{IPAlink|p}}

|{{IPAlink|t}}

|({{IPAlink|t͡ʃ}})

|{{IPAlink|k}}

|({{IPAlink|ʔ}})

align="center"

!voiced

|{{IPAlink|b}}

|{{IPAlink|d}}

|{{IPAlink|d͡ʒ}}

|{{IPAlink|g}}

|

align="center"

! colspan="2" |Fricative

|({{IPAlink|f}})

|{{IPAlink|s}}

|

|({{IPAlink|ɣ}})

|({{IPAlink|h}})

align="center"

! colspan="2" |Nasal

|{{IPAlink|m}}

|{{IPAlink|n}}

|{{IPAlink|ɲ}}

|{{IPAlink|ŋ}}

|

align="center"

! rowspan="2" |Tap

!central

|

|{{IPAlink|ɾ}}

|

|

|

nasal

|

|{{IPAlink|ɾ̃}}

|

|

|

align="center"

! rowspan="2" |Approximant

!central

|{{IPAlink|w}}

|{{IPAlink|l}}

|{{IPAlink|j}}

|

|

nasal

|{{IPAlink|w̃}}

|

|{{IPAlink|j̃}}

|

|

  • Consonant sound {{IPAslink|t͡ʃ}} only rarely occurs and in almost absent.
  • Consonant sounds {{IPA|[z ʃ ʒ]}} are absent, except in loanwords.
  • {{IPAslink|ɡ}} can be realized as a fricative {{IPAblink|ɣ}} between vowel sounds {{IPA|/a ɔ/}}.
  • Sounds {{IPA|[f h]}} only occur from loanwords, and are interchangeable.
  • Glottal sound {{IPAblink|ʔ}} can only occur as an element in some reduplicated forms of vowel-initial words, or between vowels within a word.

= Vowels =

class="wikitable" style=text-align:center

! rowspan="2" |

! colspan="2" |Oral

! colspan="2" |Nasal

Front

!Back

!Front

!Back

align="center"

!Close

|{{IPAlink|i}} {{IPAlink|iː}}

|{{IPAlink|u}} {{IPAlink|uː}}

|{{IPAlink|ĩ}} {{IPAlink|ĩː}}

|{{IPAlink|ũ}} {{IPAlink|ũː}}

align="center"

!Close-mid

|{{IPAlink|e}} {{IPAlink|eː}}

|{{IPAlink|o}} {{IPAlink|oː}}

|{{IPAlink|ẽ}} {{IPAlink|ẽː}}

|{{IPAlink|õ}} {{IPAlink|õː}}

align="center"

!Open-mid

|{{IPAlink|ɛ}} {{IPAlink|ɛː}}

|{{IPAlink|ɔ}} {{IPAlink|ɔː}}

|{{IPAlink|ɛ̃}} {{IPAlink|ɛ̃ː}}

|{{IPAlink|ɔ̃}} {{IPAlink|ɔ̃ː}}

align="center"

!Open

| colspan="2" |{{IPAlink|a}} {{IPAlink|aː}}

| colspan="2" |{{IPAlink|ã}} {{IPAlink|ãː}}

  • In Tomo Kan, an extra central vowel sound {{IPAblink|ʉ}} is also attested possibly as a result of {{IPAslink|i}} preceding a nasalised segment or a {{IPAslink|u}}. It may also regularly be pronounced as {{IPAblink|u}} as well.{{Cite book|last=Dyachkov|first=Vadim|title=A Grammar of Tomo Kan Dogon|year=2019}}

References

{{reflist}}

  • {{cite journal |last1=Blench |first1=Roger |author-link=Roger Blench |title=A survey of Dogon languages in Mali: Overview |journal=OGMIOS: Newsletter of Foundation for Endangered Languages |year=2005 |volume=3.02 |issue=26 |pages=14–15 |url=http://www.ogmios.org/ogmios_files/266.htm |access-date=2011-06-30 }}.
  • {{cite book |last1=Hochstetler |first1=J. Lee |last2=Durieux |first2=J.A. |author3=E.I.K. Durieux-Boon |year=2004 |title=Sociolinguistic Survey of the Dogon Language Area |publisher=SIL International |url=http://www.sil.org/silesr/2004/silesr2004-004.pdf |access-date=2011-06-30 }}

{{Dogon-lang-stub}}

{{Languages of Burkina Faso}}

{{Languages of Mali}}

{{Dogon languages}}

{{Dogon topics|state=collapsed}}

Category:Dogon languages

Category:Languages of Mali

Category:Languages of Burkina Faso