Whyte's double-collared sunbird

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| image =

| status =

| genus = Cinnyris

| species = whytei

| authority = Benson, 1948

| synonyms = Cinnyris ludovicensis whytei

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Whyte's double-collared sunbird (Cinnyris whytei) is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae. It was considered a subspecies of Ludwig's double-collared sunbird. It is found in Zambia, Malawi, and Tanzania. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Taxonomy

{{cladogram|align=left

|caption=Relationships between the African Cinnyris based on Bowie et al. (2016)

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{{clade|style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%

|1=C. reichenowi

|label2=

|2={{clade

|label1=

|1={{clade

|label1=

|1={{clade

|label1=

|1={{clade

|label1=

|1={{clade

|1=C. whytei whytei

|2=C. whytei skye

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|2=C. stuhlmanni

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|label2=

|2={{clade

|1=C. afer

|2=C. manoensis

}}

|label2=

|2={{clade

|label1=

|1={{clade

|1=C. chalybeus

|label2=

|2={{clade

|1=C. regius

|label2=

|2={{clade

|label1=

|1={{clade

|1=C. fuellerborni

|label2=

|2={{clade

|1=C. moreaui

|2=C. loveridgei

}}

|label2=

|2={{clade

|1=C. mediocris

|2=C. usambaricus

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|2=C. ludovicensis

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In 1948 C.W. Benson described the subspecies C. afer whytei collected in the highlands of Nyassaland (Malawi). He named it after Mr Alexander Whyte who collected the first two specimens of the species in 1896.{{cite journal|author=Benson, C W|year= 1948|title= A New Race of Sun bird from Nyasaland|journal= Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club|volume= 69|pages=19–20|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40588171#page/45/mode/1up}} After reorganizations of this confusing{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.1959.tb02389.x|title=Old and New Lines in Taxonomy|journal=Ibis|volume=101|issue=3–4|pages=330–334|year=2008|last1=MacDonald|first1=J. D}} complex of species{{cite journal| journal=Bulletin of the British Museum |pages= 35–36| volume=74| year=1954|url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40591667 | title=The identity of Cinnyris afer whytei Benson|author=Paterson, Mary}} it was later placed as a subspecies of Cinnyris ludovicensis and still later treated as a full species. In the Eastern Arc Mountains in Tanzania a new subspecies (C. w. skye) was observed in 2000. Thereafter extensive research followed including molecular phylogenetic studies on the complex of African double collared sunbird taxa. The sunbirds found in the highlands of Zambia, Malawi and Tanzania appeared to constitute a clade which strongly differed from Ludwig's double-collared sunbird, C. ludovicensis. Therefore, C. whytei has been split from C. ludovicensis.{{cite journal|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4175.1.3|pmid = 27811770|title = A new member of the greater double-collared sunbird complex (Passeriformes: Nectariniidae) from the Eastern Arc Mountains of Africa|journal = Zootaxa|volume = 4175|issue = 1|pages = 23–42|year = 2016|last1 = Bowie|first1 = Rauri C. K|last2 = Fjeldså|first2 = Jon|last3 = Kiure|first3 = Jacob|last4 = Kristensen|first4 = Jan Bolding|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309024924 }}

There are two subspecies:{{cite report|editor1=Gill, F |editor2=Donsker, D|year=2017|title= IOC World Bird List (v 7.3)|publisher=World Bird Names International Ornithologists Union|doi= 10.14344/IOC.ML.7.3 |url= http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/dippers/|accessdate=12 October 2017|doi-access=free}}

C. w. whytei in Zambia and Malawi
C. w. skye in the Eastern Arc Mountains in Tanzania.

References

Whyte's double-collared sunbird