Wide Field and Planetary Camera

{{Short description|Former instrument on the Hubble Space Telescope}}

{{For|the low-power radio station in Rindge, New Hampshire|WFPC-LP}}

File:Jupiter from Hubble (Oct. 11, 1991).jpg

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The Wide Field/Planetary Camera (WFPC) (pronounced as wiffpick (Operators of the WFPC1 were known as "whiff-pickers")) was a camera installed on the Hubble Space Telescope launched in April 1990 and operated until December 1993. It was one of the instruments on Hubble at launch, but its functionality was severely impaired by the defects of the main mirror optics which afflicted the telescope. However, it produced uniquely valuable high resolution images of relatively bright astronomical objects, allowing for a number of discoveries to be made by HST even in its aberrated condition.

WFPC was proposed by James A. Westphal, a professor of planetary science at Caltech, and was designed, constructed, and managed by JPL. At the time it was proposed, 1976, CCDs had barely been used for astronomical imaging, though the first KH-11 KENNEN reconnaissance satellite equipped with CCDs for imaging was launched in December 1976.{{cite web|title=NRO review and redaction guide|edition=2006| url=http://www.fas.org/irp/nro/declass.pdf |publisher=National Reconnaissance Office}} The high sensitivity offered such promise that many astronomers strongly argued that CCDs should be considered for Hubble Space Telescope instrumentation.

This first WFPC consisted of two separate cameras, each comprising 4 800x800 pixel Texas Instruments CCDs arranged to cover a contiguous field of view. The Wide Field camera had a 0.1 arcsecond per pixel resolution and was intended for the panoramic observations of faint sources at the cost of angular resolution. The Planetary Camera had a 0.043 arcsecond per pixel resolution and was intended for high-resolution observations. Selection between the two cameras was done with a four-facetted pyramid that rotated by 45 degrees.{{cite tech report |title=The Space Telescope Observatory |number=CP-2244 |institution=NASA |url=http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19820025420 |date=1982}}, page 28. 40 MB PDF file.

As part of the corrective service mission (STS-61 in December 1993) the WFPC was swapped out for a replacement version. The Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 improved on its predecessor and incorporated corrective optics needed to overcome the main mirror defect. To avoid potential confusion, the WFPC is now most commonly referred to as WFPC1.

On its return to Earth, the WFPC was disassembled and parts of it were used in Wide Field Camera 3,{{cite web | url =http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=34007&fbodylongid=1926 | title = WFC3 - Wide Field Camera 3 | publisher = ESA | access-date = May 12, 2009 }} which was installed in Hubble on May 14, 2009, as part of Servicing Mission 4, replacing WFPC2.