Wikipedia:Articles for creation/2007-01-22#Building Magazine

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excerpt from the "pages of a loon" june 6, 1966. burning house printing.

69.221.120.153 04:29, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

• Declined. We can not accept copyrighted content taken from web sites or printed sources. Note that copyright protection is granted to all works automatically, whether it is asserted or not. Unless stated otherwise, assume that most content on the internet is copyrighted and not suitable for Wikipedia. Please write in your own words, and in continuous prose. SkierRMH 07:16, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

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Admiral Maurice E. Curts, United States Navy (1898-1976), former Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet and heroic cruiser commander of World War II.

Admiral Curts graduated from United States Naval Academy in 1919. He studied the emerging technology of radio at the Naval Postgraduate School in Annapolis, Maryland and Harvard University between 1926 and 1928. These studies led to his assignment as Officer-in-Charge, Radio and Sound, Naval Research Laboratory from 1936 to 1938, where he earned a commendation from the Secretary of the Navy for his outstanding contributions in the development of radar.

At the outbreak of World War II, Admiral Curts was the Communications Officer for the staff of Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet. He was awarded the Bronze Star Medal for his successful and innovative organization of joint communications during the first months of the war.

Admiral Curts was awarded the Navy Cross and Silver Star Medal for extraordinary heroism while commanding the cruiser USS COLUMBIA during the Leyte Gulf landings, the Battle of Surigao Strait, the Lingayen Gulf landings and the liberation of Borneo. During the initial Lingayen Gulf landings, he continued to lead his cruiser in action despite severe damage inflicted by two suicide planes which had left 100 of his men dead or wounded.

As Chief of Staff and Aide to Commander, FIRST Carrier Task Force, Pacific Fleet, Admiral Curts was present at the formal surrender of the Japanese on board the battleship USS MISSOURI in Tokyo Bay on 02 September 1945.

Following the close of World War II, Admiral Curts served as Force Commander, Operational Force, U.S. Atlantic Fleet; Assistant Chief of Naval Operations (Readiness); and Deputy Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet, serving with great distinction until 13 January 1956. On that date, President Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed Admiral Curts Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet. Admiral Curts served in that capacity until 01 February 1958. One month later, he assumed duty as Commander, Western Sea Frontier, serving in that capacity until his retirement on 01 April 1960.

SOURCE: http://www.surfpac.navy.mil/curts/namesake.shtml

• Declined. Copy and pasted from [http://www.surfpac.navy.mil/curts/namesake.shtml]. While this is a US military site and may not be copyrighted, Wikipedia does not need to duplicate this info. If you want to, you can write an article with new info and link to this page. delldot | talk 05:32, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

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D'Vice is a hip-hop trio consisting of Dev, Tro and Ramious. D'Vice debuted in 2005 with their popular song 'Ghetto Love Song', which was notable as being London's top 20 hip-hop and R&B song. They starting rapping in 2002 and by 2005 they mastered the unique ability to merge as one artist, while individually offering something very distinguishable to their audience. While D'Vice is originally from Philadelphia, PA they have generated lots of attention overseas in Europe, the UK and as well as in America. Recording of future albums not yet been announced.

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Deep borehole disposal is a method of disposing of High Level Radioactive Waste (HLW) from nuclear power stations in a way that is extremely safe, secure and affordable. It offers a means of disposing of the worst byproducts of nuclear energy within the lifetime of the same generation that was responsible for producing the waste. It thus has the potential to make the nuclear option more attractive.

COMPARISON WITH DEEP GEOLOGICAL REPOSITORIES (DGRs)

Deep Borehole Disposal (DBD) is related to DGRs in that they both involve burying the waste deep underground, but there are significant differences and advantages.

DGRs involve constructing an array of tunnels a few hundred meters underground with a complex system of engineered barriers. These barriers are intended to safely confine the waste and prevent any radionuclides from re-entering the biosphere. The barriers must remain intact for a long enough period (typically thousands of years) until the waste has decayed to the point where it no longer presents a threat to environment. Thus, DGRs use the natural geological barrier to confine the waste, but also place heavy emphasis on the engineered barriers.

In comparison, in DBD, the idea is to drill a borehole straight down into the earth's crust to about 4 or 5 km below the surface and with a diameter of about 0.4 to 0.6 m at the bottom. The High Level Waste is placed in strong steel containers which are then inserted to fill the bottom kilometer of the borehole. The rest of the borehole is then backfilled with crushed granite and the well-head is returned to green-field conditions. Thus, deep borehole disposal is a simpler concept and places the waste well below the water table. It places far less emphasis on engineered barriers and far more emphasis on using the natural geological barrier to confine the waste safely for a 'geological' time period. The geological barrier (the amount of rock between the waste and the surface of the earth) is about ten times greater in the DBD concept than in DGRs. The cost of construction of a DGR would typically be in the tens of billions of US$. The cost of a DBD program for the same quantity of waste would be in the low hundreds of millions of US$

ADVANTAGES OF DEEP BOREHOLE DISPOSAL

Safety - The High Level Waste is placed well below the water table in stable geological formations (typically granitic crust) so the possibility of any dangerous materials re-rentering the biosphere before they have decayed to inert products is minimized.

Security - Clandestine removal of dangerous materials from a sealed borehole would be virtually impossible because it would require a massive engineering effort.

Environmental impact - This impact is minimal. The well-head area at the surface requires only a waste handling facility and a security zone totalling less than half a square kilometer.

Cost - The cost of an equivalent Deep Borehole Disposal program would be approximately two orders of magnitude less expensive than a more traditional Deep Geological Respository, without compromising safety. Indeed, DBD significantly enhances safety.

Composition - DBD can handle any waste form but is ideal for High Level Waste and Plutonium.

Site availablity - The required granitic crust with low hydraulic conductivity is fairly common in many countries.

Longevity - The concept has good longevity because at the proposed depths (4 to 5 km down) the geological barrier will easily remain intact for millions of years.

Existing technology - There is no shortage of deep drilling technology around the world. The oil and gas industry regularly drill 'long reach' boreholes up to 10 km long (albeit with small diameters). The widest boreholes in the world are about 0.5 m. (The deepest mines in the world are about 3 km, South African goldmines). Thus the boreholes required for DBD could be drilled with only a slight scaling up of existing drilling technology.

Early implementation - implementation would require a similar timescale to DGRs and certainly no longer.

Excavation efficiency - In DBD the total amount of material excavated per unit of waste is much less than in DGR's which involve digging main tunnels large enough to accommodate trucks, plus multiple smaller side tunnels.

Simplicity - The simplicity of the DBD concept means there is less to go wrong and fewer new technologies to be developed. In fact, the only new technolgy required in DBD is a large enough drill bit. It is also easier to convince the public, politicians and environmental groups of the reliability of the concept.

Public acceptability - All the above reaosns especially safety and security, are likely to enhance public acceptability of the concept.

Commitment - The degree of government commitment required is considerably less that for DGRs. A program of say, 20 boreholes, could be aborted at any time and those boreholes already drilled could still be used, and even if they are not, the total money lost is in the millions rather than billions.

Flexibility - The concept is applicable to almost any nation with a High Level Waste stockpile. For example, The United Kingdom would require about 20 boreholes to dispose of its current stockpile which has accumulated over the past 50 years. The Czech Republic could dispose of its stockpile with only one or two boreholes. Thus, DBD suits all budgets and stockpiles.

Fast closure - A single borehole can be drilled, filled, resealed and returned to green field conditions at the surface in much less than a decade. Multiple boreholes can be drilled in parallel. A Deep Geological Repository requires many years of construction before it is ready to receive waste and then it may remain open for many decades more as it is gradually filled up with waste.

DISADVANTAGES OF DEEP BOREHOLE DISPOSAL

Considerable research into DGRs has been done over the years, notably by SKB (Swedish Nuclear Fuels). The Finnish government is currently constructing a large DGR and the US has begun a DGR project at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. However, the Yucca Mountain project has stalled due to political and geological problems, and in the Swedish model not all the problems have been fully solved regarding final installation of the waste and the design of the engineered barriers. The DBD concept has been around for some decades but only in recent years has the drillling technology advanced to the state where the concept has become practible. As a result, detailed research into the DBD concept has lagged behind that for DGRs.

CURRENT RESEARCH

Current detailed research (computer simulations) into heat flow in and around the bottom of the borehole has been done by researchers at the Massachussets Institute of Technology, and in the Immobilisation Science Laboratory at Sheffield University, England. Reserahcers at Kemakta Konsult AB (Sweden) have done detailed modelling of thermal effects on groundwater flow near boreholes.

VARIATIONS OF THE DEEP BOREHOLE DISPOSAL CONCEPT

There are two main variations on the DBD concept:

Low temperature case - the waste inside the containers is fairly old (more than 5 years) and has been sitting in cooling ponds in surface storage facilities. The waste is still very dangerous but is not very thermally hot. In this case the waste has little effect on the local environment at the bottom of the borehole, although it may have some effect on the borehole filling material (cementitious grout or a high density support matrix). This can be advantageous to the concept. With an appropriate container design and selection of waste age the thermal effect on the filling material can be used to cause a perfect sealing of the waste containers in the borehole.

High temperature case - the containers contain very young hot Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) and the borehole filling material is crushed granite. With careful selection of the parameters, the heat from the waste can create a melt zone in the rock around the borehole. As the waste decays its heat output decreases, allowing the melt zone to recrystalize and form a solid granite sarcophagus entombing the waste containers forever.

COMMON OBJECTIONS TO DEEP BOREHOLE DISPOSAL

1. 'What happens if you drop a container while trying to insert it into the borehole?' Drilling experience show that deep boreholes fill with dense muddy brine whether you like it or not. If a container was accidently dropped, far from plummeting to the bottom of the borehole it would in all likelyhood sink very slowly. Indeed, the annular clearance between the container and the borehole wall is only a few centimeters and the container would likely need to be physically pushed down the borehole.

2. 'What happens if the container gets jammed in the borehole on the way down?' The clearance between the container and the borehole wall minimizes this possibility but if the container does get jammed it can be pulled back up and the borehole redrilled.

3. 'How can the containers at the very bottom of the borehole support the enormous weight of all the containers above them?' The containers are extremely strong, typically constructed of stainless steel with 5 cm thick walls. They can be designed to withstand the predicted loading (with an appropriate safety margin). Also, the containers are close to neutrally bouyant in the semi-fluid environment of the borehole, further reducing the loading.

4. 'What happens if a container leaks?' The containers are stacked on top of each other and fill the bottom kilometer of the borehole. The top of the stack is far below the water table. They are surrounded by a borehole filling material and the borehole above the stack is filled with backfill (crushed granite) and plugs of Bentonite clay to further block any fluid flow. The borehole filling material solidifies around the containers to form a perfect seal. In the high temperature case this seal is compounded by a sarcophagus of recrystalized granite. If a container were to leak say, a hundred years in the future, there is still no possibility of any dangerous radionuclides re-enetering the biosphere. This is therefore a measure of the extreme safety of the Deep Borehole Disposal concept.

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Jack Randell was born in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire on July 22nd 1965. By the age of 24 he had traveled across the world as a circus entertainer. After falling out with with his long time friend Hugo Smith he left the circus in 1991 to pursue his career in street art.

After 5 years of very little success he decided to form a band called; War Wookie And The Vicious Noise. In 1999 The released their debut EP; The Tragic Loss Of A Pumpkin.

They are still together and play whenever possible.

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Elton John 2 (born 25th March 1947) is the secret twin brother of pop singer Elton John.

Performing under the monicker "EJ2", Elton has enjoyed slight success as a pop singer himself, with "hits" such as "Your Dong", "Spaniel", "Antidisestablishmentaraneism (sic) Seems to Be the Hardest Word" and "Trapezium of Death".

Little is known about his personal life, past or present. However, he does answer to the name of "Fishnet".

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{{tlx|Infobox musical artist

| Name = Harvest

| Img = NonFreeImageRemoved.svg

| Img_capt = From left to right, Ed Kerr, Paul Wilbur, and
Jerry Williams in 1979 on the cover
of their first album, Harvest.

| Img_size =

| Background = group_or_band

| Alias = Jerry Williams and Harvest

| Origin = {{tlx|flagicon|United States}} United States

| Genre = Jesus Music
Contemporary Christian
Gospel

| Years_active = 1977–1995

| Label = Everlasting Spring
Milk and Honey
Greentree
Benson

| Associated_acts =

| URL =

| Current_members =

| Past_members = Jerry Williams
Ed Kerr
Paul Wilbur
}}

Harvest is the name of the Christian band founded by Jerry Williams in 1977.

{{tlx|cite news

| title = Jerry Williams and Harvest

| author = J. Warner Soditus

| publisher = The Lighthouse

| date = 1993

| url = http://www.etext.org/Religious.Texts/Lighthouse/lighthouse-2.8.txt}}

Along with Williams, the original members of the band were Ed Kerr and Paul Wilbur. Williams, Kerr, and Wilbur all collaborated on the first two albums created by Harvest: Harvest and Morning Sun. Harvest was produced in 1979 by Everlasting Spring, and Morning Sun was produced in 1981 by Milk and Honey.

Later in 1981, Paul Wilbur left Harvest and the group was reformed as a duo of Williams and Kerr.

Williams and Kerr were together for the production of many records, including: It's Alright Now (1982, Milk and Honey), Send Us to the World (1983, Milk and Honey), Voices (1984, Milk and Honey), Only the Overcomers (1986, Greentree), Give Them Back (1987, Benson), Holy Fire (1988, Benson), and Carry On (1989, Benson). In 1982, the magazine CCM took notice of the duo in its article, "A Bountiful Harvest."

{{tlx|cite news

| title = A Bountiful Harvest

| author = C.A.B

| publisher = CCM

| date = 1982

| url = http://www.ccmmagazine.com/reviews/3061.aspx}}

The writer praised the vocal harmonies of Williams and Kerr and was especially fond of the song, "Because I Am." (found on the album It's Alright Now.)

By 1991, Ed Kerr left the group and Harvest became a five-player band led by Jerry Williams.

With various members, Williams' band produced Let's Fight (For a Generation) (1991, Benson), Mighty River (1993, Benson), and 41 Will Come (1995, Benson).

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Radullan Sahiron is a Filipino Islamist terrorist associated with the Abu Sayyaf group. He reportedly took command of the organization following the death of Khadaffy Janjalani in September 2006. The 70-year-old terrorist is widely respected throughout the organization, and is one of the few top lieutenants still alive. However, due to his failing health, analysts doubt his ability to lead the group. As of January 22, 2007, he is the most wanted man in the Phillipines. He lost his right hand fighting security forces in the 1970's.

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There are five types of sentences. They include: declarative, interrogative, imperative, conditional, and exclamatory.

Declarative is a form of a statement.

ex. The giraffe is tall.

Interrogative is a question.

ex. Where are you going?

Imperative is a command.

ex. Come here

Conditional indicates dependencies between events or conditions.

ex. If the tree falls, it will land on your house.

Exclamatory is an expression of strong feelings.

ex. No way!